Texas Government Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Texas Government - Assignment ExampleLikewise, the partisan elections tedious, and stand cause straight ticket voting together with electing judges based on the familiarity of the names. The long ballots substructure be challenging for the voters because it is difficult for the electorate to follow up on the comprehensive lists of the candidates. Due to the aforementioned challenges in the partisan elections, it is significant for the Texas State to adopt a system in which the governor appoints the judges.The death penalty is immoral and expensive, and thus the Texas State should abolish the detonating device punishment. Newell, Prindle, and Riddlesperger argue that the expense of executing a savage exceeds $ 2 million, and the punishment achieves nothing in terms of deterring the potential criminals in engaging in abuse (340). Exploring the issue of the death penalty from the moral point, it is unethical and immoral to terminate the life of a person. The capital punishment deg rades humanity, and inflicting death on persons does not necessarily control crimes. Therefore, it is important for the Texas State to explore otherwise alternatives of punishing the wrongdoers instead of pursuing the death penalty. It is less costly for the Texas State to practice life irons as opposed to the expensive capital punishment. Sentencing the convicted people to the life in prison without the possibility of word of honor is a plausible alternative. Such a sentence will enable the Texas State to reduce the many another(prenominal) funds that tend to maintain the costly death penalty system.The nomination of the city candidates to run for the map in Texas State is essential in facilitating the electorates to know and analyze the ideologies of the individual candidate. In this respect, the Texas State should campaign to practice partisan elections in which a political party nominates the candidates to run for the office. Newell,

2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2 - Assignment ExampleHis failure was rooted on conflict avoidance instead of coming up with strategies and solutions to counter them as they arose.The main sources of conflict in the inform were security guards and fix of doors to fight violence and external deputisence. The presence of security guards was considered to give a negative image of the school to the public (Pg 3). Moreover, it would break the community trust the school was striving so hard to establish. The locking of the doors would interfere with the autonomy of the houses and free market policy would affect the quality of education.Flexible provideing was to enable students to choose courses from otherwise departments. However, according to some department heads argued that the move would destroy the house system. Weis had pee-peed a culture of individualism whereby staff could only criticize each other in private. On the other hand, King was striving to create a collective culture whereby staff and students c ould share a platform and raise their issues

Research essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research - Essay ExampleThis article discusses whether the drinkable climb on of alcoholic beverage in the US should be take down from 21 to 18 geezerhood. Alcohol is made when fruits, grains or vegetables are fermented. This butt on uses yeast or certain types of bacteria to convert the sugars used in the foods into alcohol. This process means that alcohol is a natural product that should not raise concern on the get for its use to the people. Alcohol that is taken is absorbed in the bloodstream of the individual and thus affects the central head-in-the-clouds system that includes the brain, and the spinal cord. The central nervous system is important since it controls practically all body functions. At 18 years, the human brain of the teenager is still in the developing stage, which means that drinking at this stage can have severe effects in the future of the individual. Alcohol is a cognise depressant and at the age of 18 years, it slows the functioning of the central ner vous system. At 18 years, alcohol consumed actually blocks some of the messages trying to get to the brain. This in turn changes an individuals perceptions, sentiments, movement, hallucination and hearing (Cima 2). United States recognizes 18 as the official adult age. At this age, people should be allowed to make their own decision well-nigh alcohol role. When an individual turns 18 years, they are allowed to receive the rights and responsibilities of an adult such as voting, smoking cigarettes, hang on adjudicators, marry or get married, sign legal contracts, can be prosecuted as boastful person, and are allowed to join the military that takes into account risking an individuals life. Lowering the recommended drinking age from 21 to 18 years would allow more people especially those between the ages of 18 to 20 years to take alcohol in a safer manner in regulated environments without supervision. When the government prohibits this age throng from drinking in public places such as restaurants, bars, and other licensed locations, they will drink in unrestricted places such as fraternity houses or house parties, places where they may be exposed to saturnalia drinking and other unsafe behaviors. Taking alcohol in fraternity houses is dangerous since people in these social places tend to engage in games such as excessive alcohol drinking games, quick drinking of alcohol that puts persons at risk of acquiring alcohol poisoning which can be smutty (Cochran 2). Most thoroughfare accidents occur during the first few years of legal drinking regardless of the drinking age. According to the traffic act of the United States and the National Center on Addiction and Substance detestation at Columbia University, the age bracket between the ages of 21-24 years had the most way out of involvements in road accidents while drunk. Majority of the victims had blood alcohol concentrations of more than 0.08, comprising of more than 35%. In order to set-back these traffic accident fraternities by 21%, the legal age for drinking alcohol should be lowered from the ages of 21 to 18years. Comparative research shows that countries with the recommended drinking age of 18 years have lower number of traffic accidents caused by drunken driving (The National Center on Addiction and Substance clapperclaw at Columbia University 1). If the recommended alcohol drinking age were lowered from 21 to 18 years, it would make consumption of alcohol less of a taboo for grownups that are newly joining college and the workforce. Moreover,

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 90

As mutual oppositionment - Essay ExampleHe was ingenious to develop the idea of impatient pagan tabernacle that both perspectives loathe. This was the common ground he found suiting his mission.Photo A shows the inside of a meticulously institutioned temple. There are individuals who seem to be curiously study and enjoying the temple design. Perhaps, their curiosity is motivated by the miracle of importunate the same temple later in an endeavour to save the religious relationship amongst the inhabitants of Londonderry. Though the temple has an exotic design, it was later burned down. The temple design is a good indication of the development and growth people even those with differences can attain in concert once they put their differences apart. The youths the artist invited to help in erecting the temple did their job well, and the beautiful temple is a statement of that.In photograph B, there is now a multitude that gathered after-school(prenominal) the burning temple that c an be symbolically taken also to burn the sorrows and the ills of the past. The differences are no more. There is a vast group of individuals present to witness the burning. They seem to be relaxed, no sign of tension from either side, and it is impossible to tell them even apart. They are just watching the temple go down in flame. This can be taken to signify the burning of their historical differences, and setting another(prenominal) phase where individuals co-exist in harmony. Additionally, fire in by any means associated with evil but in the region of Londonderry, the fire has a local meaning where it represents the troubled times of rivalry where each side suffered significant losses of life. Just like Rev. David Latimer talked of a light set on a hill, the burning of the temple could not be hidden. Both the Protestants and the Catholics witnessed their differences, and their common enemy burn down. Though Rev. David Latimer initially was infidel of the tactics David Best empl oyed to burn a temple. He had a history of this region

Price-Elastic Products Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Price-Elastic Products - Essay ExampleThe key is whether revenue is greater than costs. (Investopedia, 2003)I would destine monetary value elastic products mainly to increase market share and increase the sales of the product. As the bell of a product rises, consumers will commonly demand a lower quantity of that good, perhaps by consuming less, substituting other goods, and so on. Conversely, as the price of a good falls, consumers will usually demand a greater quantity of that good, by consuming more, dropping substitutes, and so forth.Consider the practice session of booth earphone market. It is one of the best examples of price elastic products. We can see tons and lots of new cell phone models flooding the markets from different makers. There is no possibility of increasing the price of cell phone due to high competition. On the other hand, more advanced cell phone models with significantly advanced features come at a very low cost. In fact, the cost of the cell phones is a constant decreasing curve. A slight increase in the cell phone leads to a great decline in the market demand.Consider a price-inelastic product (e.g. Petrol). When the price is raised from P2 to P1, the kernel of change in demand (Q2-Q1) is very small compared to price rise (P1-P2). This is the case of monopoly.Now, consider a price-elastic product (e.g.). The competition for market share is very high in this case.

Economic Background of Tesco Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Background of Tesco - Case Study ExampleAs a group its turnover is 28 billion per year and even as a leader it continues to signifier market share because of its winning strategy.( Corporate Watch, 2004). In this paper we aim to get an insight into Tescos scotch strategy and analyse the different problems it currently faces and might en supposeer in the future. We also aim to posture plausible solutions to tackle the stated problems.Tesco has an insatiable appetite for space, and relentlessly pursues the best new sites. When it comes to just bout of stores and locations, Tesco leaves its rivals standing. In the 1960s, Tesco was buying up literally hundreds of grocery stores and small grocery chains around the country. It introduced Home n Wear departments into bigger stores to carry grittyer-margin non-food merchandise, including clothing and household items, and opened its first 40,000ft superstore in Crawley, Sussex. In 2002, it stunned experts and the competition by buying T&S, a chain of 850 convenience stores across the country. The deal doubled the groups store count in the UK at a stroke. The scale of it allowed them to capture quite an increase in market share, and they really caught the rest of the industry off guard.Learning from its past mistakes, Tesco diversified its level of products and prices to appeal to all income brackets in the same store. Tesco offers three distinct ranges of own-brand products, from Value to Finest, priced to attract all types of shoppers to its stores. Therefore in spite of its degrade beginnings as a thrifty store, Tesco now has more upmarket customers than M&S and Waitrose put together attracting 15 million customers per week to its stores comprising of the high and low income customer segments. Investing in Growth, Diversification and Expansion-Thinking Big Tesco has compute its power and standing by reaching far and wide both in terms of diversification and expansion in terms of products and locations . It has expanded its grocery retailing at home in UK by finding innovative and energetic in finding ways to expand, such as making a large-scale move into the convenience-store sector, which the major supermarket chains have traditionally shunned. Tesco has found stunning success in its diversification to non-food business. In 1974, in a deal with Esso, Tesco began to open petrol stations on the drive of its superstores. The idea was successful and by 1991 Tesco was the countrys largest independent petrol retailer it now accounts for 12.5% of all petrol interchange in the UK. (Corporate Watch,2004).By late 2004 it was widely regarded as a major competitive threat to traditional high street chains in many sectors, from clothing to consumer electronics to health and beauty to media products. Tesco sells an expanding range of own-brand non-food products, including non-food Value and Finest ranges. Tesco has pioneered the model of retail services. Tesco has taken the lead in its sec tor in

After Visiting Local Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

After Visiting Local Museum - Essay moralVisiting the museum, I had two agendas, angiotensin-converting enzyme was an academic agenda, while the other was having a good duration in the place and getting to know more about different things about the Native Americans. What caught my solicitude most was the atmosphere of the museum. The outside of the museum was serene and extremely quiet. The compound was dotted with different types of trees and shrubs that gave the compound an anaesthetic agent look and feeling. Its paved walkways gave the museum a decent feeling and look, which was captivating to the visitors. There were different species of flowers planted in close intervals, with the well-trimmed glass surrounding its compound. The first instance, the place looked less of a museum, with the neat compound with the supererogatory efforts extended towards making it a beautiful place to captivate the attention of the people and the visitors. The outside walls of the one storey bu ilding housing the museum were red, with large windows that let in adequate light into the interior of the museum. The architectural design of the museum was very similar to that of a learning institution. Its interior walls were coloured bright, making it brightly light up from the inside. The collection of the collection was appealing. The arrangement of the collection pieces were in accordance to their respective categories. The professionalism used in the arrangement and the labelling of the artefacts as well as cultural pieces was amazing. Not a single piece appeared mistakenly placed, as their descriptions matched with the categories placed in.

Intelligent Email Analysis Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

prehensile Email Analysis - Literature review ExampleThis was necessary for all the disciplines involving organizations and other institutions in the termination making process at the most appropriate appointed point for decision making. For information to be reliable, for it to pass the test of time, all these were necessary as for any organization to be able to organise the most accurate decisions it had to have the right information at its disposal. The intervention of the internet through the unsubtle revolutions in the system these individuals changed the whole face of eternity they changed mankind by providing the most decisive tool. This tool was so necessary that because of it the humanness could be transformed into a global village. Problem statement The general problem under siege, befalling the need for the analysis through the essay, is the fact that we need to analyze and discuss on an in-depth analysis the various issues revolving around the subject of Computer sc ience and Information technology, with more emphasize to the military issue of the levelheaded email Analysis. The E-mail or rather the Electronic main is a utility that offers and provides the operate of sending e-mails through the net. Confidentiality of data while sending them through the net is emphasized, reliability and relevance of the data the timeliness and accuracy of the data is the most advantageous characteristics presented by the net. Before embarking on an analysis of the Intelligent E-mail analysis, its crucial to consider the main tool which the Email service uses, the Internet A brief History of the internet The internet refers to the interconnection between networks. The internet is a network of networks. A network is the connectivity between the various computers at all the receiving ends. This is effective and efficient enough to facilitate colloquy between the node computers and the server computer at the receiving end. The intervention of the refined for m of internet connectivity during the family of 1972 where one Sir Kahn did a demonstration of a large magnitude of the ARPANET. This was during a conference held that was called the ICCC also planetary Computer Communication Conference. (Finlayson, Ross S, 79) During this very same year 1972, researchers and inventors in the internet came up with what was then referred to as the Hot utility that was in the form of an application utility. This utility among others outlined as the E-mail or rather electronic mail services were brought to life. In the month of July, Roberts gave more innovation and further expand the initial utility by making the exact first initiative of sending the first E-mail (Electronic Mail). After the intervention and discovery of the E-mail utility, the next discovery was the WWB also known as the adult male Wide Web. This was initially meant to bring life to the overall concept of the internet which was to bring the whole world into one global village, to transform the whole world make ease the passage and effectiveness of the dialogue process.(Finlayson, Ross S,79) Outlined Advantages and Disadvantages of the Internet as a utility The Internet certainly brings more good than deadening as indeed dictated It

The Knowledge Worker and the Learning Organization Assignment

The Knowledge Worker and the Learning face - Assignment ExampleTo examine the impact of Druckers work on the linkage between the eruditeness organization and productivity, I use the references from a journal article by Burton Gummer as well as the textbook by Drucker to emphasize the key connections between Druckers work and productivity. To quote from the article, Drucker points to six factors that moderate knowledge-worker productivity Knowledge workers must, on their own, identify the task that they are to accomplish knowledge workers maintain to have autonomy continuing innovation has to be part of knowledge work knowledge work requires perpetual learning and continuous teaching on the part of the knowledge worker knowledge worker productivity is primarily a matter of quality of output, not quantity and finally, the knowledge worker must be seen by management as an asset rather than a cost. The crucial question in knowledge-worker productivity is What is the task? In manua l work, the key question is al ways How should the work be done? In manual work, the task is always given. In knowledge work, the task does not program the worker. (Gummer, 2000, p.11)As the higher(prenominal) up excerpt makes it clear, Drucker used sophisticated reasoning to conclude that learning organizations do indeed contribute to higher productivity as well as the role of knowledge workers is indeed paramount in propagating the way in which the mutually reinforcing loops of organizational processes and the knowledge workers contribution feed on each other.

Sales Manual for Strategically Planning a Sales Presentation Term Paper

Sales Manual for strategically Planning a Sales Presentation - Term Paper ExampleHowever, the company has established gross revenue distribution chain to reach the customers. The company has distributors worldwide to distribute the products to the wholesalers. In most occasions, the company has alike(p) supply chain to sell its products. The distributors get the products directly from the company. They distribute mainly to the wholesalers. However, Cadbury products are very spoilable and they require few distribution channels. These distributors may sell the products to the final consumers but at a retail price. The wholesalers, on the other hand, sell directly to the retailers and to the final consumers. Although the chain of distribution is flexible, they are guided by the regulations. For instance, the price per unit to the final consumers is the same, but B2B price is subsidized. This will ensure business harmony in all transactions.Personal selling refers to oral or verbal comm unication with the potential customers of the Cadbury products with the aim of change magnitude the sales. This approach has been very important because it focuses on developing a concrete relationship with the consumers or the buyers. Furthermore, it is wizard of the elements of the promotion mix as well as an effective tool of promotion.Prospecting-the company has used private selling in looking for bare-assed customers to buy the products. Like any other business, the company continuously looks for new markets for its products as this is the way to measure the growth of the company. By looking for many markets, the company put up increase its sales and maximize the profits. Personal selling plays a significant role in realizing this.Communicating- own(prenominal) selling is more expressional than any other approach. This is the most suitable way of explaining to both the existing and new clients of the range of the products. Customers get instant feedback to their question s about the products hence easy to persuade them to make purchasing decisions. discipline

The Writing Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Writing Process - Essay sampleThus, the individuals critical analysis skills are polished as a writer. The more enlightened and experienced the writer, the more mature, decent, organized, and sensible the writing.Individuals do a variety of forms of writing in their everyday life. As they write more, they learn more. These forms of writing include but are not limited to essays, letters, applications, academic papers, seek papers, stories, and dissertations. What an individual writes fundamentally depends upon what motivates him/her to write. The motivation loafer writing poetry may be hobby. Motivation seat writing a letter or an application may be an urgent need. Motivation behind writing an essay may be passing the exam. Likewise, stories are often written to be published in the newspapers or magazines as this happens to be a source of income for some writers.Different people equivalent and nauseate different functions about writing, though certain things can be commonl y included in either of the two categories. Things that people like about writing is that they can own a thing that they produced in a very short span of time, writing provides people with a way to pack themselves freely, and writing saves memories one has at a particular point in time. The ability of writing to utter thoughts makes it a form of art. Writing often gets boring when it is imposed upon an individual as a needful task. The mere fact that they have to write rather than they can opt to write makes writing essays uncontrollable and boring for the students when they are given this task as a homework. Some things that people commonly dislike about writing is that it can be very biased and manipulative, and that the type of language used in the writing has to be adjusted according to the genre of the writing language used in an ex officio document is very different from that used in poetry. There are certain rules and principles that have to be respected and followed whi le writing

Important reflections about higher education in marketing Essay

Important reflections intimately higher education in merchandise - Essay ExampleSo, if the young Arabs atomic number 18 not headspring versed in grocerying, they bathnot contribute any significant change and cannot bring any economic suppuration to their homeland. Although there is a growing trend of use of diligence of marketing, especially in the UAE, many flock in these states ar not well aware of the wideness and its application in their particular environment. Considering the importance of marketing on the integrity hand and the lack of proper awareness among the native people, on the opposite hand, the advocates of marketing studies have been split into two groups. The one group believes that the marketing concept is not applicable in Arabian countries due to the fact that in these countries marketing principles cannot be applied as the render of goods and services here is much greater than demand. Their argument against marketing principle application is based o n the assumption that the marketing concept has been essentially a tool of developed countries, a means by which the products of buyers market economies are marketed. Thus, they further argue that marketing is not a discipline of globally received principles that may be applied to a subset of national economies. However, although they advocate marketing research and studies in ball club to apply its principles in the local market to boost its economy, they show their concern for the lack of adequate marketing knowledge and the shortage of marketing expertise which are the significant barriers to the applicability of the discipline.... he assumption that the marketing concept has been essentially a tool of developed countries, a means by which the products of buyers market economies are marketed. Thus, they further argue that marketing is not a discipline of globally accepted principles that may be applied to a subset of national economies (Bartels, 1983). Although, the logic off ered by this group appeals to some extent and people who are already reluctant for marketing studies take it for granted, there is the other group who favor marketing studies and application in these states. However, although they advocate marketing research and studies in order to apply its principles in the local market to boost its economy, they show their concern for the lack of adequate marketing knowledge and shortage of marketing expertise which are the significant barriers to the applicability of the discipline (Kaynak and Hudanah, 1987). The opinion of this group strongly convince us because the one main problem in economic development of the United Arab Emirates is that unfortunately there has been very microscopical attention placed to study the marketing principles and investigate the shortcomings and opportunities of local market. Indeed it can be give tongue to that marketing as carried out in UAE with an emphasis on inducing new needs and wants, may not be of prime concern in the development of our economy because the marketing concept is more than a quest for new needs and wants. It is basically a framework of analyses, tools and skills which provides executives with the ability to match organisational resources and competences to the needs of society (Maholtra, 1986). Thus, from the above arguments given for and against of marketing, it can be concluded that the marketing discipline can be effectively employed in order

Fish Linked to Lower Risk of Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fish Linked to humiliate Risk of Depression - Essay ExampleThis link was not present in studies conducted outside of Europe. To rationalize this, the writer quotes the study pen Fang Li of Qingdao University in China who points out that this could be caused by the lower-ranking number of participants in the study. This statement casts a serious doubt on the credibility of these studies. Scientific studies are perceived to be more accurate if they have a large amount of participants under study. The author of the article also points out the observational nature of the studies. It is noted that the studies did not discriminate on the types of look for consumed. Moreover, the studies could not draw a conclusion on the cause-and-effect relationship between fish consumption and the risk of infection of depression. The amount of fish intake under study is not quantified a lot of fish could connote different things to different people. To their credit, the researchers admit that mor e research must be undertaken in order to clearly understand the link between fish consumption and depression.It is common for articles on health issues to carry a strong prejudice arising from the authors personal opinion. Fortunately, the author of this article has ensured that they convey information as it is, despite the glaring loopholes in the actual studies and has made no attempt in persuading the reader in accepting any particular health ideations from the study. The author also makes it known that the study was published in a reputable journal The Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health.

Term Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Term Paper - Essay ExampleHere, we atomic routine 18 talking about US. It is said that GDP grows with time. This is because of the reason that the needs of a land are rise day by day due to an increase in the population. Therefore, it becomes necessary to fulfill those needs, and manufacture products and run services so that the lives of people are made better. Obviously, there has to be a specific number of people working to undergo this process and they would be paid as well. The overall demand would be met and supply would be increased. The bigger picture would thus show that the gross domestic product would definitely increase.It is clearly understood from the above process that when GDP grows, the unemployment rate falls. The reason is that more people would be hired to fulfill a countrys needs and those employees would be paid for their services in the end. It can be said that both these factors, GDP and unemployment rate, are indirectly related to each when ane rises, the other falls.If we look at the World Bank data and make some cross country comparisons, we can better understand how US has been performing when these three major macroeconomic factors are concerned. gibe to the data presented in 2009, if the whole worlds GDP is taken to be 100 percent, therefore out of that US takes the second place after Europe. Europe has 22 percent of the GDPs proportion while US 20 percent of it. (Suranovic, 2013)Similarly, if we look at the unemployment and inflation judge then US has 10 percent unemployment while Europe has 9.8 percent. The inflation rates for both of the countries are imperious but relatively stable. Europe has 0.5 percent inflation rate while US has 1.8 percent gutter year 2009. It is said about the inflation rate that if they are too high, the situation can relieve oneself bad impacts on the economy while if they are too low, the situation can deflate the economy. Moreover, if the unemployment rates are too low they will create pr oblems as well. The aggregate

Discuss how evidence-based practice is applied in your practice Assignment

Discuss how recite-based practice is applied in your practice scene and describe the desired patient outcome achieved through this approach - Assignment ExampleTo start with, evidence based practice has take to the adoption of the best methods of psychotherapeutic results to patients and their relatives. The inter-professional staff members in the Oncology plane section retain different levels of education and preparation leading to slightly differences in managing some problems. For instance, at first whatever oncology staff in the department could release results to patients (Love & Rodrigue, 2013). But with time, the department realized that bad news released to patients by almost doctors who had fewer interactions with the patients made them suffer psychologically and in most cases succumbed to malignancies too soon.On realizing this, most of the staff gull attended some sessions in order to improve their techniques of handling patients. Consequently, better methods of releasing results have been introduced. Currently, dispatching results is often done by nurses who have much positive interaction with patients and also those who have time to explain to them on best discourse practices to be undertaken. Love and Rodrigue (2013), suggests that this has minimized the occurrence of early(a) deaths in the unit by a large margin.EBR has also been employed in radiation treatments (Love & Rodrigue, 2013). Initially, the oncology department did not emphasis much on testing sensitivity of a patient to chemotherapy, but largely relied on the standard operating procedures for different stages of cancer. Later, the head of the department suggested on using tumor markers to act upon individualized based sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy to help manage cancer patients better. Upon adopting the above strategies, treatment methods such as selecting drugs were largely based on individual sensitivity and the analysis of tumor markers. This led to better response of patients to chemotherapy in the hospital and the practice was widely borrowed by neighboring hospitals.With time, it was discovered that some patients, especially those in

What are the potential benefits and pitfalls in promoting a new cinema Essay

What are the potential benefits and pitfalls in promoting a smart cinema that places its emphasis on issues of identity and difference - Essay ExampleWhen motion pictures were first devised in the late 19th century, it was viewed as a medium for documentation of historical artefacts, in much the aforementioned(prenominal) way as still photographs were regarded. By the early 20th century the cling to of motion pictures as a form of entertainment and education was firmly established however, it is only in the recent medieval, during the stay of globalization, that the capability of film as a powerful tool for cultural dissemination has been recognized. Academic studies fall in turned to a determination of the effect of film in creating cross-cultural bridges between societies. A recent genre of film has been developed that explored the clashes among cultural influences and the ensuing resistance, assimilation, or adaptation of these elements. What emerges is the depiction of the ontogeny of identity, its definition in contemporary terms, and its preeminence from the status quo. There are both benefits and pitfalls to this impertinent manner of filmmaking, which this paper will explore. It is however important to first describe the nuances of identity and differentiation, that becomes a defining impel in the creation of motion pictures. Issues of identity and difference The driver for the depiction of cultural identity and its differentiation from the other is born by a universal need for public recognition of the distinctiveness of societies. The want to preserve identity in one form or another is in response to the challenges of multiculturalism and the regime of recognition in democratic societies. The cultural context is valued by individuals as among their basic interests, and their remedy to this is universal. The problem resides, however, is in the reconciliation of the conflicting content of the various valued cultures. This implies limits tha t must be pose on political recognition of particular cultures (Amy Gutmann, 1994 3). In Liberal democracies, citizenship cannot be regarded as a worldwide universal identity, for the reasons that (1) people are unique, self-creating, and creative individuals and (2) people are also culture-bearing whose cultures differ depending on their past and present identifications (Amy Gutmann, 1994 7). Citizenship, therefore, is a unifying and equalizing factor in terms of rights it does not, however, erase cultural distinctiveness. The liberal value of diversity should not be associated with the nullification, but rather the expansion and preservation of the cultural, intellectual, and spiritual horizons of all individuals, enriching and exposing us to differing intellectual and cultural perspectives, allowing for growth, exploration and enlightenment (Amy Gutmann, 1994 9) The problem of cultural homogenization and cultural heterogenization is that there exists the indigenization of new c ultural influences as they are constantly introduced into mainstream society (Arjun Appadurai). The new global cultural economy whitethorn no longer be understood in terms of simple models involving centers and peripheries, but instead as a complex, overlapping, disjunctive order. An elementary framework for exploring these disjunctures is suggested by Arjun Appadurai involves five dimensions of global cultural time period (1) ethnoscapes (2) mediascapes (3) technoscapes (4) finanscapes and (5) ideoscapes. Each of these dimensions is a deeply imbued with historical, linguistic, and political context of nation-states, multinationals, diasporic communities (i.e., sharing common national or cultural identity), and other such aggrupations. The five dimensions form the multiple worlds that are constituted by historically laid collective imaginations of persons and groups flung to various parts of the world (Appadurai, 2003). Deterritorialization generally is one of the major phenomena in contemporary times. It results from the potbelly movement of people of similar culture to other

Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet EssayThe story of Romeo and Juliet has been intellect kn have got for many another(prenominal) centuries. It has been interpreted and suited by many people, including Shakespe be himself Two of the most(prenominal) famous versions atomic number 18 the 1968 record by Franco Zeffirelli and the 1996 film by Baz Luhrmann. Each director has adapted the story for his own purposes. I am going to study how these dickens films have interpreted Shakespe argons play in a new-fashioned style for a modern audience. I feel that each version will appeal to a different audience comp ard to the other. Language for example, should be closely reviewed as it has to be appropriate for the humour of the busy time in each film. This is beca subprogram puns were genuinely popular in Shakespearean times so end-to-end the play there is a great get away used. In the source scene Capulets servants, Sampson and Gregory, joke unitedly by u boobg puns. Here are two examples of the way they use them I strike immobilely, macrocosm moved But kibibyte art not quickly moved to strike. And I will be civil with the maids I will cut off their heads. The heads of the maids? Ay, the heads of the maids, or their maidenheads, take it in what sense thou wilt. A modern audience however, would not discern this humorous so the directors would have had to accommodate to this and adapt to it. The use of common, everyday language has similarly changed dramatically since the 16th Century so people directly would not necessarily understand the p take if they went to watch Romeo and Juliet in its original theatre form. Zeffirelli and Luhrmann both kept Shakespeares language in their films, which was a great risk to take if they were to be box-office successes. I reckon Zeffirelli did this because the film was based in medieval times so the language reflected this.Luhrmann however, thought that language was very eventful to the story and he did not want to lose the Shakespearean idea and effect of the play. In the prologue Shakespeare conveys the schema of the story and marks it clear that fate has doomed the two lovers. Again, each film version has been adapted in very different ways to fit their audience. The first scene establishes the quarrel between the two families and introduces Benvolio and Tybalt who are telephone lineing characters- Tybalt being very aggressive and ruby and Benvolio being a peacemaker.Each filmmaker created their own idea of the two characters with Zeffirellis remaining more in-safekeeping with the original play and Luhrmann interpreting the two characters as contemporaneous American gangsters especially Tybalt. The prologue of Zeffirellis version is very calm and peaceful it begins with an aerial view of the city and pans nearly it as the voice-over reads the famous passage that begins Two households, both alike in dignity in a dull and unemotional tone. The scenery is very romantic and the television came ra uses soft lens to show this. The citys computer architecture is shown to be medieval and visually beautiful.The symphony too is very renaissance and one of the practice of medicineal themes is established. The backing Romeo and Juliet that appears on the screen is written in old, medieval and rather gothic lettering in keeping with the setting. Overall, the prologue is dull and dreary and I do not feel that it would appeal to a wide audience. However, it is very a great deal the same as Shakespeares as Zeffirelli has not made any extreme changes. Baz Luhrmanns prologue however, is the complete contrast it begins with a shot of a 1950s T. V broadcast showing that it is a modern alteration of the play.The news reader because announces the plays prologue like a 60 second segment as divorce of the local news. It hence moves onto a confusion of images one after another as the pace increases dramatically. The music builds to a crescendo, which increases the tension and rubor, in tone the music is s startly religious.The characters are introduced in freeze-frames, which seems like a typical American modern programme. There are many violent images portrayed to establish, like Shakespeare does, a long running feud between the two families, many of which are religious symbols (e.g. Christ, Virgin bloody shame and the Capulet and Montague buildings with Christ statue in between).Newspaper headlines also reinforce images. Through the blur and rush it shows a lot of destruction and fire and a violent society is shown through images for example, magazine covers. Baz Luhrmanns prologue sets the scene of the play by illustrating the violence occurring between the two wealthy families, the Montagues and the Capulets. Overall, Luhrmanns is fast-paced and very exciting, thus keeping the viewer intrigued and wanting to watch more.Zeffirellis first scene is very different from the prologue it moves from being calm and sadistic to a shattering, sprightly and bustling market place. It is an authentic mise-en-scene, which seems very medieval. There is a lot of laughter that appears more juiceless than genuine. The characters are introduced from their feet upward including Tybalt later on in the scene. The Capulets begin the scene and are erosion bright, light and rather clownish clothes their main use of colour is orange. The Montagues clothes however, are dark and sombre with colours such as navy/dark blue.The sexual humour in Shakespeare is not beat in the Zeffirelli version as a modern audience would not understand and would not materialise it humourous. As the puns are omitted, humour is introduced through images and action, for example a modern audience may find the costumes funny because they are authentic and medieval (this makes it seem more realistic). The fight scene is made more exciting by involving the audience through the use of a hand-held camera and slightly shots are out of focus to add to the atmosphere and tension as if t he audience is part of the crowd.During the fight it is exceedingly noisy there are bells ringing, rallying cries and lots of shouting and ambient sound makes it seem realistic. The Prince then arrives on a horse and the camera shot is looking up to make him seem powerful. Zeffirelli succeeds in accomplishing the interpretation of Shakespeares play as it appears very realistic and he has kept to the storyline. Luhrmanns next scene opens with the Montague Boys behaving loud and aggressive and very much in the mood to enjoy themselves.They arrive at a ordnance station which is a perfect, modern location to incorporate Shakespeares original text that says Verona A public place. The camera zooms in on the numberplate of the car which reads MON 105 with Verona Beach underneath. This clearly illustrates what gang they belong to. The Montagues are wearing colourful beachwear and they have pink hair and tattoos, their car is orange/yellow with an open-top. I think that their clothes refle ct their personality. As the Montagues gas up their car whilst being loud, vulgar and riotous some Capulets pull in to the gas station.The Capulets are in a blue car with heavily tinted windows to make them appear sinister. The camera shows a close-up of their number plate too which shows that the enemy has arrived. They are mainly wearing black and have metal on their heels along with religious symbols on their T-shirts. One Capulet even has sin written on his teeth. Luhrmann has clearly changed the sequence of characters because in his version the Montague boys begin the first scene, however, in Zeffirellis and Shakespeares it is the Capulets bloodline the scene by joking around etc.When the two gangs notice each other it then turns into a Spaghetti double-uern like film with each side representing their families and are ready to fight. Mexican music then begins to also represent this and highlight the effect. At the beginning there is a great deal of laughter, which is largely similar to Zeffirellis version. When the Capulets arrive they are laughing and joking which is what both families do in Zeffirellis. The characters do not say anything that is humourous, however, the actions and noises that some of them make may be humourous to the audience.This implies for Zeffirellis too. For example, In Luhrmanns the sound cause are exaggerated when a passenger in one of the cars is shown hitting one of the Montagues over the head repeatedly. This adds humour to the atmosphere. Luhrmann also omits the puns for the same reason as Zeffirelli. When the Capulets are chasing the Montagues there is screeching of tyres to add excitement and tension to the atmosphere. As the challenge to fight is being issued the music stops and the only sound the audience can hear is screaming in the background.Tybalt is then introduced in the same way as he is in Zeffirellis- from the feet upwards to make him seem very important. He is portrayed as aggressive and violent which is how Shakespeare shows him in the original play too. The atmosphere becomes increasingly strain as he slowly lights a hit and drops it while the background is blurred to highlight the act this is to increase the drama of the scene. Tybalt then grinds the match with his metal heel and the sound is exaggerated to make it seem more dramatic. The camera goes into a close-up of the two gangs guns and gun emblems bearing words like 9mm Sword.Luhrmann has used Shakespeares use of knives and swords and adapted the significance in the use of the makes of their guns instead. This is a way of explaining why gangsters say things like Put up your swords. I think that this is a very inventive interpretation of the original text to a modern-day story. Benvolio is then introduced using a close-up shot and freeze frame. He is portrayed as a peacemaker even by the first words he says which are Part fools you know not what you do Again, Luhrmann is adapting from the original text by creating him the way Shakespeare does as non-aggressive.The music then stops and all the audience can hear are the flames of the fire (this is called ambient sound). The camera then focuses on the car notice that says Add more provoke to your fire. This is ironic because the sign is reflecting real life as the fuel in the gas station in truth is ablaze. During the gun fire exchange the music and sound effects come together to make the quick changing camera shots seem rapid. There is dramatic Mexican/Spaghetti Western music rising in volume in the background and lots of gunshots and screams are heard. Background noises of horns of cars in traffic jams can also be heard in the din.It then returns to the chanting music of the opening titles, which dramatically increases tension as the gas station explodes in flames. The camera then focuses on the Capulet and Montague buildings and goes into an aerial view as though in the helicopter by looking down at the chaos on the ground. The music reaches its compl etion as Benvolio and Tybalt drop their guns to the floor. This is done in slow motion to emphasise what is happening. At this point, everything is extremely tense as the audience watch the two guns slowely drop to the ground in unison.Although Luhrmann has adapted this play and changed many things about it he has kept the original idea and characters of the play. In other words, this is no West font Story, loosely interpreting a Shakespearean play for its own ends. Rather, it IS Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, uprooted into a new setting for a new generation and I feel that Luhrmann has achieved this very well. This is because Shakespeares plays were designed to adapt to any audience and with this in mind, Baz Luhrmann has created a film that applies to the modern audience through this updating.I also watched a part of West Side Story, however, this takes a very free view of its source material as it uses Shakespeares tragedy for its plan value more than anything else. This is unl ike Zeffirellis or Luhrmanns as they have produced an interpretation of the film and included most of Shakespeares text. It is difficult to compare West Side Story to the other two versions as it departs so much from the story Romeo and Juliet that it is hardly recognizable as an adaptation. However, it does keep to the idea of the two rival gangs.

Historical Interview on Nigerian Fashion Essay Example for Free

historical Interview on Nigerian Fashion EssayIn line with my background, I found it irresponsible to carry out this query in Africa. This was do possible via Skype, as my grand popping and mum had a 2 hours session with me on this topic, How fit out was obtained in our family during their time and their sense of costume while they were restrained champions in the village. Other relative questions they attempted to answer in this interview are the nature of textileing production during their time, and how they had influenced their style of dressing. The interview was divided into two parts as clearly indicated above. The first questions were answered by granddad, while the later questions were answered by my grand mum. The era in focus is before colonization. It was an era commonly tagged the pre-colonial. Nigeria at this time had a very unique sense of costume, basically defined by the resources found within the African environment. They make do with what they had as t here was no serious westward or colonial influence.FIRST PARTINTERVIEW WITH GRANDDADThis interview was conducted with my grandfather who joined me on Skype last night. My granddad is at his late 90, and had experienced different eras in Nigeria. With his wealth of experience as one and only(a) of the few enlightened African man at his age, he comfortably took me on a ride to the past. In this interview, M represents the interviewer, and D represents the respondentM What is your general view about African fashion? D well, African Fashion is unique, decent and special. African fashion communicates in different ways. If you run across a king in Africa, you wouldnt want to ask questions before you you accept that he is a king. The royalty is often defined by their costumes. This is also applicable to native doctors, magicians and soothsayers. African fashion and costumes are original, only that lately, there has been an infiltration of western culture which seems to have adulterated the originality of our costumes, and the era of Obente, jumble shoes, beat bags and c push-down stackhs are beginning to go into extinction. M Would you have preferred to go with the older costumes as against whats trending now? D I s gutter acquire traditionally made cloths even up till today. Im a title holder of my community, and this position is often defined by ones adherence to African values. I see Costumes as one of those values we must not discard.M Can you succinctly tell me how clothing was obtained in those? D Well, in those days, men would commonly have little to cover their lower role while the women had a piece for their upper region and an other for their lower region. Cloths were mainly gotten from animal skin and sometimes fibres made from trees. Usually, most of us made these cloths by ourselves, and sometimes we buy them. The means of obtaining them could as well differ, depending on who is involved. Then, we utilise to have clientele by barter. Because I was enlightened and had government job, we would buy our cloths with some kind of money called Anderi then, there was no naira and kobo. We were also engaged in trade by barter with some of the things we had. For instance if I involve a piece of skin to make my shoes or cloth, I would put up my yam or oil for sale. Most of the time, cloths were bought during festive period, like the New yam festival and the Akatakpa festival. Ordinarily, people husking it difficult seeking for what to buy as fashion was really not the priority as a then. The wealthy ones as of that time wore more beautiful deigns on their animal skin or mouth cloth adorned with several accessories. It was always the influential families looked more adorned.M Were you engaged in the tangible buying and selling of cloths? Have you ever gone to the market looking for cloths? D Like I said earlier, the African man in those days could wear just one piece of skin for days, so the issue of departure to the market wa s really not there. These skins were locally made. The only time we started going to our local markets to buy cloths was when cloths were imported into Africa by the Portuguese and Britain. It was by and by then, that we began to wear what we have today as cloths, even though it had very low patronage as at then. M Thank you dadD Thank you my daughter and face your studies squarely.SECOND PARTINTERVIEW WITH GRAND MUMThis interview was also conducted via the same medium (Skype) Here, MM will represent the respondent while the interviewers ashes M M How was clothing made when you were growing up? MM Clothing was usually made from animals skins and back of trees. This means that livestock and economic threes as well as other threes in the forest were sources of clothing. For the making of animal skin, the fur or hair would be shaved dissipated and compressed to soften, and then it would be tanned. This process unstiffens the hide, which becomes natural leather. After this leather is produced, it is either decorated with shapes and outlines, shells, string of beads or left plain, this could be as a result of choice of who its been made for. strap clothing could be simple to make as it takes few days to be made.Bark cloth on the other hand was made by peeling off the inner utter of trees, after that is done it is beaten until it becomes soft. Bark cloth was fashioned into skirts and robes long enough to float around. Then, we would use the common fig tree for making bark cloth. Patterned bark cloth garments were made from the different colored bark of various trees, which were combined to create forms, in addition, the bark cloth was always painted for aesthetic purpose. At a point, we went into Batik cloth, which has been important to many African women. Here, pattern is applied to fabric to make it look beautiful. It is resist-dyeing method involving coating fabric with a dye-resistant substance and dipping the fabric into colored dye. I could recall how we used to make the dye-resistant substance from cassava root or rice flour and the chemicals called alum. The substance is boiled with water system to make paste out of it for various designs. Once the paste is dry, the fabric is dipped into dye in large clay pots or pits. At the end of the day, a beautiful African fabric is made.M How has this kind of cloth making influence your style of fashion in those days? MM It depends on what you mean by style of fashion though. We have had very good sense of costume in those days. All our locally made shoes and bags must always have a touch of the design on our batik. The Batik design was usually seen as the type of clothing that must not be worn by men, because of the beautiful designs. Additionally, because the African woman, or better still, the Nigerian woman applies a lot of facial makeup, which she called Uri, she would always patronize Batiks that were beautifully designed. M So when was considered the most appropriate time to wear B atik? MM Anytime, but mostly during special events. In those days, if you wanted a man to respectfulness you, then you must go with very well designed Batik.

Outer Space Essay Example for Free

outer more or less berth EssayOuter Space started some 100 kilometers above the mankind, but there is still part of the nations atmosphere. Outer Space is the void that exists between celestial bodies including the Earth. In spot, two pieces of metal can weld together with no heat or other substances present because Its not completely empty but its consists of hard nullity containing a low density of particles which is predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as advantageously as electromagnetic radiation, magnetic fields, and neutrinos which its called Cold Welding and it was discovered in the 1940s. The baseline temperature as roach by the background radiation from the Big Bang is 2.7 Kelvin (K) but in more assume term, the temperature of the emptiness of outer space is about 3 degree Kelvin. So obviously the temperature of outer space is nearly absolute zero and very cold.There is no firm boundary where space begins. Outer space is the closet natural approximat ion to a perfect vacuum because it has effectively no friction, allowing stars, planets and daydream to move freely along their ideal orbits. By comparison, the air we breathe contains about 10 billions easygoing historic period. Stars, planets and moons retain their atmospheres by gravitational attraction. Atmospheres have no clearly delineated boundary the density of atmospheric gas gradually decreases with distance from the object until it becomes indistinguishable from the surrounding environment.Effect on human bodies sharp exposure to very low atmospheric pressure, such as during a fast decompressing, could cause pulmonary barotraumaa rupture of the lungs, due to the large pressure several(predicate)ial between inside and outside of the chest. Rapid decompression can rupture eardrums and sinuses, bruising and blood seep can occur in soft tissues, and wound can cause an increase in oxygen consumption that leads to hypoxia. As a consequence of rapid decompression, any o xygen dissolved in the blood would empty into the lungs to try to equalize the partial pressure gradient. Once the deoxygenated blood arrived at the brain, humans and animals will lose consciousness after a a few(prenominal) seconds and die of hypoxia within minutes.Outer Space Facts-Space can begins roughly 100 kilometers above the surface of Earth when the air shell surrounding the planet disappears since there is insufficient air for scattering sunlight and producing a light blue color of the sky, space looks like a dark blanket sprinkled with stars -Space is filled with numerous types of radiation, which are generally injurious to astronauts, most of the ultraviolet and the sun causes infrared radiation. -Space is not empty the grand gaps between the planets and stars are packed with large quantities of dust and gas. -There are three orbiters that fly in space which are Endeavor, Atlantis and Discovery. -In 1981, there are two orbiters Challenger and Columbia were lost in spac e because of accidents. -The case found in space is extremely hot and this is mainly because of radiation. -Space trash that orbits at altitudes above 1,000 kilometers circles the Earth for more than a century. -Sound cant tour through outer space because space is a vacuum, which has no molecules in it, and sound needs molecules to compress or refract.-The Pluto is the coldest planet in Solar strategy due to its distance from the Sun. The temperature might go down to amazing -390 degrees Fahrenheit which its little bit different than the ice on Earth because of the extreme temperature make it becomes harder than steel. -The light hitting the earth right direct is 30 thousand years old because it spent most of this time passing through the grueling atoms that make the sun and just 8 minutes to reach us once it had left the sun. The temperature at the core of the sun is 13,600,000 kelvins and all of the energy produced by fusion in the core must travel through many successive lay ers to the solar photosphere before it escapes into space as sunlight or kinetic energy of particles. -There are more than 100 billion of galaxies in the universe and it would take about 3,000 years to count all of the stars.-The Moon is drifting away from the earth because every year, the Moon moves 3.8 cm advertize away from Earth and the Earth is slowing down. Every century, the Earths rotation will be 2 milliseconds slower. -The most accurate definition, there are 14 black holes which are only absorb things that cross their eccentric horizon, so they wouldnt destroy an entire universe, its also possible for black holes to collide and merge, and they also absorb light. -The solar system is around 4,500 billion years old and it will probably last another 5000 million years. -There are currently 166 moons in our solar system.

Plato - Soul Essay Example for Free

Plato Soul Essay1. ) True Simmias uses the theory of recollection in his argument against Socrates nearly the soul and it having immortality, or not. He uses an analogy of an performer to represent the body, and the instruments attunement to represent the soul. He makes a stand that if the body of an instrument batch be destroyed, which will then cause the attunement to withal be destroyed, then isnt that saying the same for the relationship of the body and its soul? (72e-80c). 2. ) True in order for the attunement or harmony within an instrument can work perfectly and in tune, the instrument must be put together correctly and in perfect harmonious measure.3. ) False Socrates states that in that location is no greater evil one can stupefy than to despise reasonable discourse, not hate mankind. However, those that do hate reasonable discourse, be objectionable and nonproductive, but by no squiffy the greatest evil. The greatest evil are those who hurt, torture, and destr oy others for their own selfish reasons or for no reason at all, just because they can. Reasonable discourse is the refined and ideal way to resolve differences and problems. (89d-e) ( but first in that respect is a certain experience we must be careful to avoid That we must not move around misologues, as people become misanthropes.There is no greater evil one can suffer than to hate reasonable discourse. Misology and misanthropy arise in the same way. ) 4. ) False how can some involvement rule everyplace some other thing, if that thing is the making up of the thing thats trying to rule it? For example, I cannot rule over my mother, when my mother is who made me another example, a soul cannot rule over a body, if the body is what makes up the soul. 5. ) False without such things as the good and the bonny creation non-existent, then how can the soul present existed, before we were born, without them?How would we know whether or not if they did, unless the theory of recollectio n of course, was in play?6. ) True without the senses being intact, how can one hear or see accurately to know anything? To light upon anything? Without just those dickens senses being intact, the other senses will also be inaccurate, as well. (65b) 7. ) True he argues that when discussing opposites, that one thing comes from the opposite of another and nowhere else. (70e-72b) 8. ) False you cant know what you know with just your companionship, because how can you have knowledge, if you do not know anything?You pick out experience, along with trial and error, to be able to learn what you are and arent supposed to do. How is it that the first people came to know anything? They werent just born with their knowledge they had to learn what they know that has formed into their present knowledge. (65a) 9. ) True Socrates does accept the fact that maybe good and beautiful do not exist. Thats when, in question 5, he came to the conclusion that even without their existence, does that say that mean our soul does or doesnt still exist before we are born?Do we need such things as good, evil, beautiful, and ugly to have our soul be pre-existent? 10. ) False Socrates has Simmias agreement that philosophers outstrip themselves as much as realistic from bodily pleasures such as food, drink, sex, fancy clothes, etc. Philosophers are only concerned with the comfort of their souls, and want to free the soul as much as possible from relations with the body. Socrates claims that our senses are vague and may deceive us, so the best kind of wisdom comes from basis, when distanced as far as possible from the distractions of the body. (64c-67b).

Civil Engineering Essay Example for Free

Civil Engineering EssayIntroductionThis research aims to identify and set off the career opportunities awaiting fresh graduates of courteous engineering. This research further aims to look at the detail jobs that are unattached for them, amount of work load, underlying salaries and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of particular choice of specialized civil engineering practise such as structural, water resources, environmental, construction, transportation and geo-technical engineering, among others.Statement of the ProblemWith the wide variety of specialized reading of civil engineering, newly graduated civil engineers need to be aware of the requirements of each specialization and full understand the other details of the job. Being fresh from the realms of the academe, these fresh civil engineering graduates need to be guided accordingly as they ready to join the civil engineering workforce. Presenting the result of this knowledge allow for help them evaluate their specific areas of interest within the bounds of the civil engineering career and get out enable them to make an intelligent choice as to what career they really want to act on.Proposed SolutionThis study will employ in-depth analysis of the career opportunities and choices available for civil engineering graduates. As such, specialized civil engineering ranges will be identified and explained, the likeability that a new graduate will pursue a specific field will be determined and the factors that should be considered in choosing a specific career path.MethodsIn order to address the research problem, the researcher will employ quantitative and qualitative research method which is designed to complement each others findings. Respondents of the research will be practicing civil engineers. Using the qualitative research design, the researcher will conduct a survey to correspond factors such as the specialized field where civil engineers usually get for their first job and the basic salary offer for an entry level position. The qualitative research design will include in-depth consultations of practitioners on the specifics of their jobs, the factors that should be considered in choosing a line of practice and other pertinent information about the field based on their experience.ConclusionThis research aims to help fresh civil engineering graduates in fashioning a decision of which career path to pursue after college by presenting the choices available for them along with the considerations and factors that expertness affect their decision. First hand data will be gathered through survey and interview of practicing civil engineers specialized in different fields to get information based on their experience.

Legalization of Marijuana Essay Example for Free

legalization of Marijuana EssayMarijuana was first utilize for medicinal purposes dating back as previous(predicate) as the 1600s. However, a law was passed in 1930, which banned the substance. Since then we give up been fighting a eonian war on drugs that has estimated to be over a trillion dollar failure, and we have nothing to denominate for it. There are some(prenominal) different takes on legalizing marijuana nation-wide but around states are not convinced yet. There are two main locations on legalizing erectnabis. One is the government view, which believes if marijuana was taxed identical alcohol and tobacco it could yield close to 50 jillion in tax revenue annually. on with this, legalizing the drug would save the U.S. about $41 billion a year in enforcing the drug laws, and utilize that for education and health. The other view would be the medicinal use side of it. Proponents of medical marijuana get by that it can be a safe and effective treatment for th e symptoms of cancer, AIDS, multiple sclerosis, pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, and other conditions.The government should legitimatize marijuana for recreational and medical use because it will create tax revenue, help patients, and we will be done fighting an everlasting war. $42 billion dollars is what our current marijuana laws cost American taxpayers to each one year. If marijuana was legal, the money generated would be able to be used for other things like giving any one of our current teachers a 30 percent raise and use whats left to take a $27 billion whack out of the federal deficit. Or use it towards community or environmental projects to help the natural resources we use every day. Marijuana in the U.S. is a $113 billion dollar clientele (Gettman). It costs the average prison $40,000 to house an inmate for a year. If you multiply the number of marijuana link prisoners times $40,000 a year that is over $29 billion a year spent on prisoners alone.Of the billions of dollars a year we spend to enforce, it has accomplished little or nothing beneficial in cost of stinting benefits (Shen). Despite all that, we now arrest one American every 38 seconds on marijuana charges. And we do so at a staggering cost in law enforcement expenses, illogical tax revenues, and staggering profits for criminal gangs.The alternative is clear. Regulate marijuana just as we do beer, wine, and liquor. We will be able to save the government and law enforcement billions. In addition, the government would not and be saving from not having to enforce the laws, they will benefit greatly from taxrevenue that can be created. Researchers assumed that legalized marijuana would be taxed similarly to alcohol and tobacco and that the income earned by bargain producers would be subject to standard income and sales tax. But we do know that legalization would lead to a positive revenue impact on the income and sales tax side (Davis).Right now we have 2 states that have both legalized medic al and recreational use, Colorado and Washington. We will be able to mull the tax revenue that is created from both and researchers will be able get better information on how much tax will actually be created. So far it has been nothing but a large money source. Colorados legal marijuana market is far exceeding tax expectations, according to a budget proposal (Solomon). The governor of Colorado predicted sales and taxes next fiscal year would produce some $98 million, well above a $70 million annual estimate given to voters when they approve the pot taxes last year. That is just in one state, imagine what would be created nation-wide. There are a variety of estimates, but when you put them all together you get a range of $10 billion to more than $120 billion a year. Either way that is money that the US didnt have before. Legalizing marijuana will create a large tax revenue and in a bad economic time this will, without a doubt, help our parsimoniousness out. Lastly, medical mariju ana is still illegal in more states and that should change.Although many slanderous claims have been made about cannabis in recent history, the truths are easily starting to surface. Unfortunately, these truths are under heavy criticism due to the stereotypical view of what people view as the typical marijuana user. It has a skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated America, which is the force of over seventy years of propaganda and misinformation spread by private interests who needed cannabis illegal for their ingest personal gains. Using marijuana for medicinal purposes is not a recent discovery (Berman). In fact, scripted references to use medical marijuana date back nearly 5,000 years. Marijuana can be used for a variety of disorders. These disorders include pain relief, nausea, glaucoma, and movement disorders. It is also used as a ruling appetite stimulant which helps patients that had HIV/AIDS or cancer patients going through chemotherapy. Painkillers are passing add ictive but handed out to patients everyday (Astaiza).Marijuana has proven to be non addictive and has caused no deaths to this date. Today, thousands of patients are able to usemarijuana as an effective method of treatment for their ailments. This is possible because xiv state governments across the country have acknowledged cannabis effective healing properties and legalized its consumption for medicinal purposes with the consent of a licensed physician. However, these patients are at the mercy of the federal government and its authority. Marijuana should be legal because it can give patients relief other prescriptions cannot. In summary, medical and recreational marijuana should be legalized nationwide. Police could stop wasting money and time trying to fight something theyve been at for over 50 years now.The government will be able to tax it similar to alcohol and tobacco, and we have already witnessed the tax take off in Colorado. Patients will be able to use it to treat many d isorders instead of using highly addictive over-the-counter medications. In a down time for our economy we are struggling to fight back. The federal deficit and the revenue created from marijuana may not play it completely,but it puts a large chunk of money in the governments hands. Even though marijuana sometimes gets a bad name, it is an all natural plant that can create a lot of benefits.

Vietnam War - Paper Essay Example for Free

Vietnam fightfare Paper Es hypothesizeThe Vietnam war was a conflict between the communist, North Vietnam and sulphur Vietnam. In the wake of the Second World War western fears of a communist expansion throughout Asia were running high. The United States was concerned that if North Vietnam make head mien and romped Vietnam into a communist state, neighboring countries were also exchangeablely to follow. As an anyy of the United States and Australias involve ment in South-East Asia Treaty Organization and the Australia New Zealand United States Security Treaty and the mental picture in forward defence Australia was an enthusiastic endureer of the American policy in Vietnam. The majority of Australians substitute the countrys involvement in the Vietnam War in its early years mainly because of the threat of collectivism. Australia felt that if communism dominated South Vietnam it would be an even bigger risk to Australia because of the domino effect. If Vietnam fell in to communism so will its neighboring countries including Australia. Australia did not want to fall into communism and agreeing to the request for help by South Vietnam, Australia supported the war and troops were immediately send to Vietnam. The decision to send the army to Vietman was also do by the Older Australians which were part of the pigeonholing called the Returned Servicemens League. These batch believed in the idea of the Anzac Spirit and expected the jr. generation to do their bit as they had during World War II.The Australian People and Liberal company rallied behind the attractership of Menzies. Therefore, the Liberal Party was also in agreement with Australias involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1966, Australia warmly welcomed the visit of the American president, Lyndon Baines Johnson. The new prime minister of Australia enthusiastically declared that when it came to Vietnam, Australia was all the way with LBJ, which meant that Australia was willing to support the U S in supporting the Vietnam War. The Democratic Labor Party at that period who split from the Labor Party had a genuinely large Catholic membership and was also very anti-communist. It was also determined to oppose any ALP policies so it automatically supported the war. After the first promulgation of displace troops there was a general support from the news outlets for the g everywherenances policy. This wasnt the kind of support sh avow in Australias involvement in previous wars.There was little mention of words like heroic and more(prenominal) mention of words like gravedecision. Many of the papers just said Australia had no alternative, given its geographical position and its treaty commitments. The support was there, but it was muted and it tended to skepticism the political situation in South Vietnam. Australian Catholics had been encouraged to construe South Vietnam as not only the last democracy in South East Asia, but as a Catholic democracy. There was widespread support for the government of the Republic of Vietnam, even subsequently the assassination of the Catholic leader Ngo Dinh Diem. At the same time as the Australian government made the resolution that it was sending troops, the Pope called for negotiations to take place in Vietnam for a peaceful resolution. Many Australian Catholics did not see the Popes annunciation as any reason not to support the commitment of troops to South Vietnam and so they were in support.There was even a large section of the community who seemed to take no vex in what was going on in South East Asia. Many heap believed Vietnam to be likewise far away for the average person to care about. They were quite unconcerned about the war and intemperately believed it should be left up to the government and the army to sort out. Sending troops off to fleck in wars was seen by many ordinary Australians as not only the right thing to do but as a good way of increasing Australias prestige in the world. This caus ed a striation of people to automatically support the government without really questioning if it was a good idea or not. On the contrary, there were many people and organisations that were against this war. Anti-war rejects had been taking place in Australia since 1962 when the first military advisors had been sent in to Vietnam. Since then, protests had taken place for various reasons at various times, but it was not until the P.M.s announcement in April 1965 to provide an infantry battalion for service in Vietnam for further military assistance when protests really began to take shape.This opposition was a way out of extensive media coverage, a unequal system of rough drawing and maturement political consciousness. A lot of violent and gruesome footage of the war was broadcasted right into peoples homes every evening. Many protests were the result of this. Conscription introduced in November 1964 had forced unseasoned men to fight away from their home country. Many people motto this as unfair and wrong. This too caused a lot of controversy and many arguments were made against the government forintroducing this. The ALP was against the commitment of troops to Vietnam. The Labor leader Arthur Calwell had the unenviable job of responding to the government in parliament. Labor saw the war as essentially a civil one in which Australia should not get involved. Calwell did say that they would back the Australian troops and not deny them the support they would need. Many of the trade unions called the government support of Americas foreign policy in Vietnam diggers for dollars.They believed the Australian government was sacrificing the lives of Australian troops to ensure that America would advertise the economy by spending more money in Australia. In response to this belief and the announcement of more troops being sent to Vietnam, unions wanted to enforce work stoppages in protest. The Australian Council of flip Unions followed the Labor Party policy of not supporting the war but not denying the soldiers support. In afterward years, no other group would be more associated with anti-war activities, but reaction in the universities immediately after the announcement. Educated university students didnt see the point in continuing a futile war. They thought that young men being forced to go to war was unnecessary, it disturbed their lives and the potential to live to their dreams. They also thought that the enormous amount of money used on the war should be spent on helping their own count. The fact that it was an overseas war and that it had nothing to do with us was another reason for opposition.The reason why they were opposing the war is because they considered that Australia is following USA blindly, it is not our war and they also didnt like the idea of young men being forced into war and innocent woman, elders and children being killed due to the war. There was also a large and angry anti-war movement growing. There were publ ic draft-card burnings, student sit ins and large noisy group demonstrations when the American President, Johnson visited Australia. By the late 1960s a some(prenominal) stronger and more violent form of protest appeared. Protesters raided officers and campaigns were launched to persuade young men not to register for conscription. The Labor Party was against the conscription method, calling it unfair, and they had much support from the Australian public. We should stop following US policy blindly The women of SOS put on their hats and gloves and carried their grungy and white banners high to the army barracks, to court, to Parliament House, to the City Square, and even, in 1969, to Vietnam itself.Most of the SOS members wereordinary middle-class and working class women, wives and mothers, who had no connections to the radical youth counter-culture, but they educated themselves and others on the situation in Vietnam and on the laws associated with conscription and conscientious o bjection. In the process, their politics became increasingly radical. Later, Following the success of the November 1969 Moratorium in the United States, a serial publication of Australians groups opposed to the war in Vietnam decided to band together to put on a Moratorium in Australia. The demonstration in Melbourne, led by Member of Parliament Jim Cairns, had over 100,000 people taking to the streets in Melbourne alone. Across Australia, it was estimated that 200,000 people were involved. The second Vietnam Moratorium in September 1970 was smaller after more violence occurred. 50 000 people participated and there were violent incidents between police.Two hundred people were arrested in Sydney. The third moratorium in June 1971 were of nearly 100 000 people. By this time public opinion was beginning to turn assertively against conscription and Australians involvement in the war. The intensity of the conflict in Australia over our involvement in Vietnam, and the issue of conscriptio n, contributed to the election of a Labor government in December 1972. xxiii years of conservative Liberal government had ended. The new Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, immediately abolished National Service and recalled the Australian army. As we see due to the fear of communism in Australia most Australians were train to send troops to fight in Vietnam. However, as the war progressed and the society were starting to see all the pictures on TV and hearing so much soldiers are dying and sent overseas and that this war cant be won, Australians started to do something about this. They went out on streets to protest, fight, and hold moratoriums and as a result of these conflicts the troops were called back after 10 years and 60,000 soldiers fighting in the longest war Australia had been part of.

“Why College Education Is Important to Me” Essay Example for Free

Why College Education Is most-valuable to Me EssayEach year, thousands of people throughout the United States go to college. Depending on individuals inhalation or needs, in predicate logic, various high School graduates go to college for different reasons, including just having fun. as yet a college education gives you more options and a better life. Why College education is important to me, Primary because if I go to college I will gain skills that I will use for the rest of my life, college education is a solid investment for my Future. Ive always wanted to be a business man, because business degrees lav Help you advance your career and secure positions that you cannot make believe with aDAVIS 2High school diplomat. thither are other important benefits to college education, such as an Informed citizenry, making better decisions, and appreciation of literature. Secondary, a college education gives opportunities to grow financially and Morally. A college education is absol utely necessary to me because it is the key to Success and has no age limits. Better education gives you the qualification to Better jobs and it gives you more self-confidence. Bobby Scott quoted It is Virtually impossible to compete in todays global economy without a college Degree. Knowledge is not innate, but it is learned and shared, at long last a college education is important to me more knowledge I Have more money I get. I pitch dreams like everybody else, I dream One day after I get married before me and my wife start a family, I would love to Visit some countries to strike with my wife, I would love to see Paris one day,I DAVIS 3Would love to visit Barcelona, Italy, Spain, Quebec, Macedonia, and I want to do Mission around the world but especially in Haiti, cause I always wanted to be able To help my people, and my family. But if I dont have Enough money saved this will always be a dream. After I happen my college Education I will have better opportunities, better ways to earn more money, if I Have a great paycheck I will have a better saving, and I will be able to realize my Great dreams. If every year, Thousands of people throughout the United States go to college, I Want to be one of the thousands college education is very important to Me because if I go to college I will gain skills that I will use for the rest of my life, a College education gives opportunities to grow financially and morally, a College education is important to me because more knowledge I have moreDAVIS 4money I get. This is why college education is important to me.

Importance-Performance Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Importance-Performance Evaluation stress1. 0 Introduction Patronage of any product or go is a function of the mirth a consumer derives from its usage. In the case of hotels, patrons tend to equate good service to the facilities and amenities which make their sojourn as pleasurable and comfortable as tush be desired for their moneys worth. It is, therefore, insistent that the hotel attention carefully considers customer feedback in addressing hotel improvement initiatives.The purpose of this report is to undertake an Importance-Performance Evaluation of the city Hotel as commissioned by the Griffith University Hotel based from the ratings given by selected business and pleasure travelers on how burning(prenominal) the existing hotel facilities were to them and the executing of these facilities in meeting their needs. Preliminary calculations were performed to find the tights and bill deviations for each forwardness which aided in the identification of the five laid- backest and five least most beta facilities, as wellhead as the facilities which garnered the five highest and five lowest exertion ratings.A scatter plot was then skeletal with benchmarks set to indicate pleasant levels of wideness and performance. Statistical analysis using the t-test was also conducted to commit monumental differences on the respondents comprehend richness of each hotel facility. Findings revealed that the over-all mean of the importance and performance rating are 2. 83 and 3. 15, respectively. Facilities with the highest importance and performance ratings are in- populate cable television and family restaurant, respectively. The two types of travelers differed significantly in their perception of the importance in eight of the 17 facilities evaluated.2. 0 Research methods This paper made use of Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to identify hotel facilities which are performing well and those that need particular attention from management for impr ovement and to detect significant differences in the perceived importance of each facility. Utility of the IPA for use in this paper stems from the fact that results whitethorn be graphically displayed and interpreted on a two-dimensional grid, simultaneously indicating importance and performance dimensions of the hotel facilities being evaluated.The IPA method of assessment makes use of four sets of data, namely the means, standard deviations, scatter plot and the t-statistic. The t-test was performed using a 0. 05 level of significance. 3. 0 Results Figure 1. Importance Performance Mean and SD and t-test Results Figure 1 displays the mean and standard deviation of each of the 17 facilities of the metropolis Hotel as evaluated by its patrons, as well as the results of the t-test performed on the importance ratings given by the two types of travellers.As shown in Figure 1, the five most important hotel facilities are the in-room cable television, in-room colossalband conjunctive , a-la-carte restaurant, express check-out and the free periodic newspaper while the five least important facilities are the express check-in, valet lay, wireless wideband connection throughout hotel, mini-bar, and tennis courts. The over-all mean of the importance ratings is 2. 83. The facilities with the five highest performance ratings are the family restaurant, express check-out, tennis court, in-room broadband, and in-room pay movies.The five lowest performance ratings were given on the following facilities wireless broadband connection throughout hotel, valet parking, in-room cable television, mini-bar and enchantment booking service. The over-all mean of the performance ratings is 3. 15. As expected of an IPA, the scatter plot in Figure 2 presents a visual of the importance and performance ratings. The plot also shows established benchmark standards indicative of acceptable levels of importance and performance. The sector defined by the quadrant at the top right indicates high importance and performance, where facilities are express to be performing well.Hotel facilities identified to be performing well include in-room broad connection, a-la-carte restaurant, swimming pool, express check-out, free daily newspaper and games room. On the other hand, the area covered by the quadrant at the top left portion of the plot signifies facilities of low importance but high performance, and are probably facilities which are being over-resourced like room service, family restaurant, tennis courts and in-room pay movies. meantime, the quadrant at the idler right portion represents facilities which are of high importance but were given low performance ratings.Such facilities are those that need attention from the management, namely the gymnasium and the in-room cable television. Finally, the quadrant at the bottom left portion of the plot contains the facilities with low importance and performance such as the wireless broadband connection throughout the hotel, mini-bar, express check-in, valet parking and round booking service. These are the facilities with no sincere issue to focus attention on. Figure 2. Importance-Performance Scatter PlotFigure 3 next foliate represents the results of the t-test performed amongst business travelers and pleasure travelers to ascertain any significant differences in the means of their ratings on the perceived importance of each facility at 0. 05 level of significance. Results of the t-test revealed that there were significant differences in the importance ratings between the business and pleasure travelers in terms of the following facilities in-room broadband connection, family restaurant, gymnasium, in-room pay movies, express check-in, free daily newspaper, games room and tour booking service.Variable Group P-value Significance (P0. 05) Business Pleasure in-room broadband connection 3. 29 3. 21 0. 01 Yes wireless broadband connection throughout hotel 2. 26 2. 23 0. 09 No room service 2. 64 2. 61 0 . 07 No a-la-carte restaurant 2. 97 2. 93 0. 1 No family restaurant 2. 86 2. 88 0 Yes mini-bar 2. 2 2. 18 0. 42 No swimming pool 2. 92 2. 91 0. 22 No gymnasium 3. 01 2. 99 0. 02 Yes tennis courts 1. 94 1. 94 0. 15 No in-room pay movies 2. 95 2. 98 0 Yes in-room cable television (foxtel) 3. 8 3. 8 0. 46 No express check-in 2. 8 2. 84 0. 01 Yes express check-out 2. 86 2. 81 0.05 No valet parking 2. 53 2. 49 0. 19 No free daily newspaper 2. 74 2. 69 0 Yes games room 2. 95 2. 99 0 Yes tour booking service 2. 84 2. 9 0. 02 Yes 4. 0 Conclusions In summary, the evaluation of the facilities of the City Hotel using IPA indicated that the three facilities with the highest importance and performance ratings and are considered as the strongest areas of service in the hotel are in-room broadband connection, a-la-carte restaurant and express-check-out. Management should see to it that these strengths should be well maintained and upgraded whenever possible.Meanwhile the weakest areas are the tour booking service and valet parking. Future improvement plans should include strategies to revitalize the said facilities in order to ensure continued patronage and possibly improve City Hotels grant of the market. 5. 0 Recommendations Based from the findings and conclusions, the following recommendations are being forwarded (1) Institute a check-out survey among the hotel guests on how the hotel can be of better service to its patrons particularly in the areas of tour booking service and valet parking.This way, management will be appraised of what measures to undertake to enhance customer satisfaction (2) Review how the other hotels are delivering their tour booking and valet-parking services and take on initiatives which will make City Hotels facilities comparable or the best among its class (3) Undertake an environmental scan on all facilities being offered by the City Hotel in order to single out problem areas, apply potent solutions and improve service on all facilities, prior itizing areas that need attention like the gymnasium and the in-room cable.

The Siege by Helen Dunmore - Chapter 17 Essay Example for Free

The Siege by Helen Dunmore Chapter 17 EssayThe chapter begins with Anna sharing how she feels about winter and the snow. Anna has al ways love the low snowf every of winter. She knows as soon as dawn comes that itll be today. The chuck out remains dark, with a yellow tinge to the clouds. The light has a sharp, raw edge. Everything is waiting, silent and expectant. Snow go away come. She thinks the snow will wipe away tout ensemble mistakes. Light will stream upwards from the immaculate white of the ground. When the first snow falls, Anna always goes to the Summer Garden. There, the noise of the city is muffled, and the park is eerily luminous. Small, nakedlooking sparrows skip from twig to twig, dislodging a powder of snow. The trees be lit up like candelabra by the artlessness they hold in their arms. Underfoot, she hears for the first time the squeak of snow packing into the treads of her boots. She bends down, scoops up a handful of the new snow, throws it up into the air and watches it scatter into powdery fragments as it falls for the second time. And although shes cold and she ought to get home, she always stays much longer than she means to, because she knows that this feeling wont come again for another year.The snow will continue to fall, thaw, freeze, turn grey with use, be cover again and again by fresh blizzards. But cryptograph again will get down the freshness, fervor and l one(a)liness of the first snowfall. Shes the one thing still warm and alive in a world which is going to sleep. She looks up, into the snow which spirals down the steep funnels of the sky, whirls into her face, lands on her eyelashes and melts into tears. And then she goes back to the apartment, along streets where trams be already thrashing the new, soft snow into slush. Children skid around streetcorners, yelling, their faces blazing crimson. Soon itll be time for skis and sledges. And tomorrow, when she wakes, the snow will be thick and crusted with ice. Th e sun will be out, and all the shadows will be blue.This is how she has congeniald the snow every year of her life. But this year she will not welcome it in that way. The first snow falls on the fourteenth of October, drifting down through the sky and settling on the ruins of shelled houses, on to tanktraps, machinegun nests and heaps of rubble. The snow is silent, but ominous. No one knows, this year, whether it will be an enemy or a friend. The Russian winter defeated Napoleon, race say to one another. Perhaps it will defeat Hitler, too. A ring of siege grips the city. Nothing comes in, nothing goes out. And in the suburbs, within sight, the Germans have dug themselves in. There they stay, hunkered down for winter in deep trenches, buns defended firingpositions. The Germans have always been good at digging trenches, say older Leningraders who fought in the survive war.Luxury trenches, they have, with carpets and chairs and pictures hanging on the walls. There they squat in the outskirts of Leningrad, like wolves at the mouth of a cave. They pour shells on to the city, but they do not advance any farther. This is blockade. swinging their arms. They write earn to their families, saying that theyll be home soon, when they have won the war. Behind them, unbroken supply lines stretch all the way back to Berlin. The Germans are altering their rollingstock to fit Russian railway lines. They have got the harvests of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania on hand, and they can wait as long as they have to. An iron ring squeezes around the besieged city, slowly throttling it.Marina and Anna talk about Marinas percentages, and how she played so many roles, one including Cordelia in For My Cordelia. Oh Anna, I played so many roles. I kept it for the stone, not for the inscription. Besides, I never identified with the character. I am much too aggressive. I would have taken Lear by the shoulders and agitate some sense into him. That kind of vanity amounts to madness, dont y ou think? All of us are to grovel on the floor declaring our love for our great leader. But of course, you have to find a way into every part.Q How much money do they have left?A Five Hundred.Q What is one role that Marina potrayed?A Cordelia in For My Cordelia

Effects of Strikes Businesses

Effects of Strikes BusinessesI. IntroductionBoycotts and lock egresss are two early(a) anti-impasse weapons sometimes utilize by tote and management. An impasse occurs when the parties arent able to move further toward settlement. The principal weapons of offense employed by labor organizations in the warfare against employers are the batter and the boycott. According to the Dessler G. (2008), Strike is a withdrawal of labor. (p.619). A diminish is outlined as a temporary stoppage of work by a group of workers ( non necessarily substance members) to express a grievance or enforce a bargaining rent. foster A. (2004). Strikes first became signifi bottomlandt during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became important in factories and mines.(Setiawan 2009)Responses to pick out involve shutting d hold the factory, detection work, continuing the operations, or changing the employees. Third party involvement namely, arbitration, fact-finding, or mediation- is adept alt ernative. (Dessler G. 2008).Employer and employees have their own solutions to break this impasse. Employer can answer to the strikes by lockouts. A lockout is a refusal by the employer to provide opportunities to work. It sometimes locks out employees and prohibits them from doing their jobs (and getting paid). (Dessler G. 2008, p 621). Employees can organize a corporate campaign by making a boycott. Boycott -the combined refusal by employees and other interested parties to buy or practice session the employees products. (Dessler G. 2008, p 620). for the first time the term boycott appeared in the in Ireland in the 1800, because of the real person Charles Boycott, an Englishman who was responsible for supervision of land. His tenants asked him to displace their rents, he refused to do so, and turn out them, and afterwards this the tenants organized a first boycott, denying him goods and services. His crops rotted in the fields because he had no farm workers, he stayed without an y food, and found himself supersede from the community. After this shell this term word quickly spread to other languages and regions of the world as well. (What is boycott?)This paper get out consists of the three parts the first part is introduction, in the second part there will be presented examples of boycotts and lockouts, their analysis and recommendations as part of HR team, and the final part is conclusion, with references and bibliography at the end of the report.II. Labor Strikes and Lockoutslead main forms of boycott exist. The first one is consumer boycotts, in which customers are encouraged to stop purchasing from a targeted company. The second form of boycott occurs when businesses withhold their patronage from other businesses. Finally, the term boycott is sometimes used to describe an employee protest, known as labor strike. (Boycotts cyclopaedia of Business). In this paper there will be discussed tercet type of the boycott- labor strike.2.1 Supermarket employe e strike in the Califirornia2.1.1 Description of strikeIn 2003, California has the eagle-eyed-term supermarket employee strike and lockout in Unite States history. That action led to a nearly five month long supermarket strike and lockout, and it didnt have such strike from 1978. This strike touched four swelledgest supermarkets in the California Vons, Albertsons, Ralphs and Pavilion, which is have by Safeway. These duress have more than 850 shops in all the state. More than 70,000 United Food and commercial message Workers (UFCW) picketed outside their stores for almost five months. When this happened, Ralphs and Albertsons supermarkets locked out their workers without giving legal notice. Among demand of the employees were reduction in employer contributions to the workers health insurance plan, as well as a two-tier wage structure under which new hires would be paid far less than their co-workers and obtain health and pension benefits. (Milkman R. (2004)2.1.2 Claims of st rikersEmployees of these chains wanted an increase in salary and also they stroked against decreasing of medical and pensions grants. Management of these chains wanted to put biggest part on social obligations on workers, and to pay medical insurance by employees. Management of these shops referred to the depression in the political economy of state and decreasing of the profit. Also one of the points in protest of employees was introducing to the corporate practice the emulative methods, like in the analogical chain Wal-Mart. Strikers made a condition to pay weekly medical insurance in amount of the 5 dollar for each employee and also pay weekly to the family members in amount of the 10 to 15 dollars and to increase a salary on 1.5 dollar to first year employees and on 45% to the rest of the employees.2.1.3 Response to strike by employerEmployer can answer to the strikes by lockouts as well as such steps as shutting down the factory, contracting work, continuing the operations, or changing the employees. (Dessler G. 2008). In this case when the core started to strike only the Safeway-owned stores, Kroger and Albertsons immediately announced they would lock their workers out. All three chains started to hire thousands of replacement workers well in advance of the strike deadline. They agreed to share any net profit for the duration of the conflict (Milkman R. 2004)2.1.4 Result of strikeThe 2003-year is remembered as huge strike and lockout in Americas history. Two parties came to an agreement, that total and supermarkets will force workers to pay part of the cost for health coverage, and to make any rose in the contract. After this strike chains and employees all had losses. Many workers went into heavy money owing while they were on the strike and some even stayed without houses. Employers introduced a two-tier system that provides dramatically inferior pay, health insurance and other benefits, under which those hired after the strike received significantl y less in both remuneration and benefits than current workers. The chains suffered too, losing more than one billion dollars in sales, and form another side the ales of the competitors such as Wal-Mart increased by the 11 percent. Beyond the financial figures, many people say the strike has had a lasting effect on their shopping habits. Many shoppers say they stopped going to the big three markets and never went back. (Effects of the Southern California grocery strike still felt, one year later)2.2 Lockout at Bosch plant in India2.2.1 Description of lockoutThe management of Bosch, the Indian subsidiary of Germanys Bosch Group and the manufacturer of automotive components, say an indefinite lockout of all employees from the plant operations at its Jaipur plant on 12th of December. The Jaipur plant has 1,200 employees and manufactures pumps for use in tractors and commercial vehicles. The lockout decision was constituten because of the continuing illegal and unlawful strike by the employees and which is prohibit by the government of Rajasthan. (Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur Unit. 2008).2.2.2 Result of lockoutThe Bosch Group biggest international companies in the world and promotes the principles of blondness justice and transparency of the group in all its locations around the world. The Bosch group also encourages cordial industrial relations at all its plants across the globe. In the case of Jaipur plant, the company tried all accomplishable legal natural selections to settle this problem but left with no option due to non-cooperation from the striking union members. Even after many conciliatory meetings, the union representatives showed reluctance to cooperate. The union members also resorted to violent inwardness to prevent movement of vehicles to the plant and scuttle the production process. Hence, the company is forced to take decision to lockout. (Machinists-Lockout say at Bosh Jaipur Plant -Labor Union continuous strike). The Mico Bosch Labou r Union has been on an indefinite strike at the Jaipur plant since November 10 causing revenue loss to the company and the government. (Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur unit. 2008).2.4 analytic thinking and RecommendationsIn the place of HR Management, the first step that should be undertaken by the management is to improve the conversation between the workers and their employers. If employees understand that their employers are really in trouble, and so they will be less likely to mistrust their employers. But, if the grocery chains are still getting the substantial profits despite the competition, then it will be hard for them to give a good reason for cutting benefits. Professional negotiators can also help the parties reframe their understanding of the conflict, thus enabling them to pursue their mutual interests and possibly find a good solution. If this will not help, HR Management should as for a help a third sider- mediator, who could be a lawyer or a union leader. If me diation is unsuccessful, workers may have to take the conflict to the government. The only methods for getting the government interested in the conflict are through lobbying and a publicity campaign.. (Cate Malek 2005)III. ConclusionBoycotts and lockouts are two other anti-impasse weapons sometimes used by labor and management. As it was already described, a strike and boycotts is organized work initiated by the employees for the purpose of enforcing their demands or a resisting demand of the employer. A lockout is a work initiated by the employees for the purpose of enforcing his wishes regarding relationship with employees or resisting their demand. It have seen in the examples shown above, that after the using the strike by the employees, management answered by a lockout tactics. save, as part of the management it should not be a supporters the strikes and lockouts, because it removes the source of profits and injures company. Firstly it makes serious harm to property of the comp any, the law breaking, and if there is an employees win in the strike, labor cost makes a serious item in the budget of employer. Thus, punter to spend money on labor costs that spend more money during the strike or lockout and lose the customers. It is clear, that during this conflicts both sided are suffered and lose more than either side can hope to gain.However strikes have some obvious advantages to the public. First of all strike are resulted in raising the animate standards of many people, because in the strikes labor usually insist on improving something, necessity of change is a good thing. From the employees point of view it increases wages, decrease working hours and makes better working conditions.References1. Dessler G.(2008), Human Recourse Management, Pearson outside(a) Edition, 11th Edition, Pp 619-6212. Scott Nearing, hotdog Dekker, , Watson, Carl Linn Seiler(1923). Economics, BiblioLife LLC,Web3. What is boycott? Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. support on http// www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-boycott.htm4. Boycotts Encyclopedia of Business. Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. Verified on http//www.enotes.com/biz-encyclopedia/boycottshistorical-overviewhistorical-overview5. Effects of the Southern California grocery strike still felt, one year later- KEGS.com Palm Spring. (2004), Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. Verified on http//www.kesq.com/world(a)/story.asp?S=2416131nav=9qrxRsYB6. Foster A. (2004), Major Work Stoppages in 2003, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. Verified on http//www.bls.gov/opub/cwc/cb20041119ar01p1.htm7. .(2003),Online, Accessed on 10/11/2009. Verified on http//www.finiz.ru/news/article6618478. Lessons of the California Supermarket Strikes Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified on, http//www.lrp-cofi.org/PR/strikePR70.html9. Milkman R. (2004), Supermarket Workers Union Falls in California, Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified on http//www.reclaimdemocracy.org/articles_2004/supermarket_union _failure_california.html10. Cate Malek (2005), Labor Conflicts The case of Two Supermarkets Strikes, Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified on http//www.beyondintractability.org/case_studies/Labor_Conflicts.jsp?nid=510311. Machinists-Lockout declared at Bosh Jaipur Plant -Labor Union continuous strike. (2008) Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified on http//machinist.in/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=1822Itemid=212. Bosch announce lockout at Jaipur unit. (2008). Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified on http//www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=34301713. D. Setiawan (2009), Advantages and Disadvantages of Strikes Online, Accessed on 10/12/2009. Verified onAdvantages and Disadvantages ofStrikesBibliography14. Dessler G.(2008), Human Recourse Management, Pearson International Edition, 11th Edition, Pp 619-62115. Scott Nearing, Frank Dekker, , Watson, Carl Linn Seiler(1923). Economics, BiblioLife LLC,Web16. What is boycott? Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. Verified on http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-boycott.htm17. Boycotts Encyclopedia of Business. Online, Accessed on 11/11/2009. 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