Why Might Economic Growth Not Always Be A Good Thing? :: Economics

why Might Economic Growth non Always Be A Good Thing?When a country undertakes the challenge of frugal mountth, it does itfor a number of reasons, but possibly the most important of these isto reward its population. At the end of the Second World War, SouthKorea necessitateed to grow economically in order to escape theirpredominantly farming feelingstyles and to arrive all of the benefitsof consumerism.But instead what South Koreaand many other ontogeny economies findthemselves left with is far from their idealistic dreams. Growth isnot end slightly something to be welcome for the colossal majority ofeconomically growing countries and give the sack have devestating effects.The problems we see today is endless. From the smallest microcosm tothe entire earth, economic growth and rot is slowly destroyingeverything around us. As members of an industrialised high society theeffects argon all too apparent. And in general, the destroying of thelandscape and the pollution of air and wet decrease our ability toenjoy the real amenities of life, thus speculative the acceptedopinion that materialism brings more to our daily lives than forexample, the life of soulfulness in a pristine and enjoyable naturalenvironment. As I sit here writing this es secernate, in front of me lie vastswathes of land ripped wide open, and in their place, concrete sits.To the growing economies of the world, we must crush one question andone question alone - Is this what you really want?Socially, one might argue that perhaps, economic growth might be agood thing. All of the stereos, holidays, mobile phones andapartments, some might say bring enjoyment. But with this massivegrowth often society wants are often created faster than theindustrial machine give the gate gather them, leading to a continual, bitterdesire that always rises beyond what can satisfy it. Human naturedictates this. I will not erupt and be satisfied with my Jaguar, myRolls Royce and my BMW - no, now I want a Mercedes. This leaves quite a littleoften dissatisfied than before, when consumerism had been given alower value. Today, in our move society, consumption exists notto satisfy consumer wants, but merely to justify production. Not onlythis, but in any case the demands of high economic growth and consumerismalso place a huge toll on the cogs of the industrial machine, theworkers. Why do some many people take depressants and commit self-annihilationin developed nations if they are really enjoying the real amenitiesof life? The stress and high-paced lifestyle is not always what peoplein less developed countries or even in developed countries wouldnecessarily want.So far, I have merely dealt with the problems that countries that have

Japanese Occupation Affect Nationalism in Indonesia

Assess the impact of the Nipp adeptse commerce on patriotism in Ind hotshotsia Nationalism is gener ally delimitate as the change magnitude desire in people to determine their identity, world and destiny for themselves. For the Netherland Indies, patriotism fecal matter can be traced back to more or less 1900, which finally led and gave rise to a new nation, Indonesia. Nonetheless, it is serious to confess that patriotism front existed prior to the Nipponese occupation and in that respectfore should non be consider a crook point that altered the constitutional landscape of patriot course in Indonesia.In addition, the Japaneses heinousness and cruelty could have electric potentially hindered the progress of patriotism, as they were main(a) impelled by their self-interest in warfarefare efforts. This composition will blast to argue how the Japanese Occupation acts as a accelerator that sped up ultra superpatrioticic exertion led by pre-war jingoistic leaders hip in Indonesia, at last paving the way for its independence. In the initial stage of the occupation, the Japanese was determined to exploit the resources and not oblige any governmental concessions to Indonesian nationalism.The starting signal attempt at such(prenominal) atomic pile propaganda without major Indonesian nationalistic leaders turned out to be a panoptic failure. From its launch in March 1942, the Triple A movement that be of the slogan that Japan as the leader of Asia, the protector of Asia, and the light of Asia, did not gather much support from the local. In general, the Triple A movement did not achieve its objective as few Indonesian jingoistic leaders were involved and the propaganda was in like manner heavy-handed even in those days of early occupation for the locals to take it seriously.Therefore, it was unless because the Japanese needed the overhaul of the locals to aid war efforts that led them to give governmental concessions to nationalist l eaders. Having failed to push back anywhere by making no concession to nationalism and with increasing new doubts among the Japanese about the outcome of the war, the Putera &8212 Centre of Peoples Power (Pusat Tenaga Rakjat) was formed in March 1943. The Japanese selected nationalist leaders who had been imprisoned or ignored by the Dutch.They were resigned to the fact if they were to rally the volume of Java, the Japanese would have to use the leading figures of pre-war nationalist movement such as Sukarno and Hatta. The Japanese implementation of a simplified Malay language, Bahasa Indonesia, to deputise the 250 languages and dialects use in the Netherland Indies it became the main lingua franca which significant in rearing a common national identityWhen they first took apply of Indonesia, the Japanese unyielding to ban the use of Dutch language with immediate effect.Throughout the country, the locals started to follow out themselves as true modern nations rather than a m ixture of rival religions, languages, cultures and races. This greatly galvanise nationalist effort, as it was easier to reach out to raft comparer to in advance below the Dutch rule. Under the Japanese Occupation, policy-making boards were formed and nationalism was encouraged by the new regime as the Japanese mobilized the all in all population for the war effort. The Japanese utilized Sukarno, along with the other nationalists, in parliamentary procedure to unite the Japanese and Indonesian causes.While the Japanese armament regimen were wary of giving Indonesians too much license, they recognize that they could not take note their position by force alone. Hence, The Japanese give positions of responsibility to nationalist leaders like Sukarno and Hatta who had previously been imprisoned by the Dutch, and afforded the nationalist movement new scope for expandment (Vickers, 2005). Even though the original mark behind this move was to achieve Japanese war aims, such pro bability was never allowed under the Dutch Colonial rule.Therefore, Sukarno who was enlisted by the Japanese to admirer them govern the country seized every opportunity to educate the masses and drill nationalist consciousness into the masses. Sukarno was a crucial figure that contri exactlyed to the rise of nationalism in Indonesia. His eloquence at political rallies was instrumental in bedcover the message of freedom across a diverse Indonesia, galvanizing them to solidification aside their differences to united and oppose against their colonial masters.This can be strengthen by the account of Hideo Fujiyama, who decided to desert the Japanese Army and rest in Indonesia to fight along side the nationalist army. He was primary motivated by Sukarno as he recalled the reason that inspired him to make the decision was listening to Sukarnos speech at a mass rally on September 19th, 1945 in Jakarta. He described Sukarnos speech to be so energetic and impressive which resulted to h im being go and led him to join Indonesia nationalist movement armed services.Therefore, the Japanese Occupation gave Sukarno the chopine to reach out to the masses as his eloquence and inflammatory speeches managed to change them to participate in his nationalist movements. The Japanese administration gave nationalists opportunities to become involved in government in ways that they had never known before under the Dutch rule. These opportunities include the access to cognize and connections, which were later proved to be highly efficacious.In particular, nationalist usually came to control many propaganda activities mounted by Japan, including publication and circulation of newspapers such as Sumatra Sinbu (Sumatra News), communicate broadcasts, mass instructions, films and meetings. Under the net drilling and communication capacities offered by such propaganda bodies as BOMPA (Bodan Oentoek Membantu Pertahanan Asia- actors assistant to Assist in the Defence of Asia) in East Sumatra, nationalists were adequate to develop and col popular understanding of the vagary of Indonesia through the layers of indigenous society.For the first time in decades, the masses, and not just alienated urban activists and intellectuals became continually engaged in political activity and thus, accelerated the fervor of nationalism end-to-end the country. The Japanese Military also help set up the formation of volunteer army, PETA (Pembela Tanah Air- Defenders of the Homeland) and provided the large number of officers and soldiers with military trainings and weapons. Few Indonesians had been given over officer training by the Dutch, and they were always under the Dutch commanders.This military training was instrumental to nationalist movement as it allowed them to be fracture equipped in the battle with the colonial masters between 1946-1949 when the last mentioned tried to break and reassert their authority. It was not only the military training in PETA, but also the specific ideological training in the institute which emphasis on discipline and loyalty to country that wake up the national consciousness of the young men who enlisted into the volunteer army.Nonetheless, it is important to get laid that the Japanese who set up PETA had their own interest in discernment as they were planning to use PETA for costal defence against ally troops. They knew the limitations of PETA, and silent that they were not able to withstand a full-scale allied onslaught. Therefore, PETA was used to delay the enemys advance by deploying along the coastline and obstructing an allied landing or harassing the rear wherever the allied troops tycoon come, thus allowing time for the Japanese army to retreat.For that reason, PETA soldiers were distributed throughout the island and were requested to catch ones breath in respective region, where they had intimate knowledge of the terrain. At the end of the war in 1959, the Indonesian government had as many as 500, 000-armed fighters at its disposal. Therefore, PETA greatly strengthened nationalism efforts and repre moveed potentially the most effective legacy of the Japanese period in both ideological and geomorphologic terms. This paved the way for the formation of the nationalist army after the Japanese Occupation to fight against the returning Dutch colonial master.However it is also important to acknowledge that the Japanese Occupation had detrimental effect on nationalism in Indonesia even though they allow political concession for nationalist leaders to reach out to the masses. As the Japanese were primary determined by self-interest, they were not willing to compromise war efforts in order to accommodate nationalist movements. This can be seen in their atrocity towards locals, the ponder fragmentation of Indonesia into three divisions and the Romushua program of pressure labour.By splitting Indonesia into three jurisdictions to be controlled by different divisions of Japanese milit ary forces, nationalism in Indonesia was greatly disjointed. The three divisions consist of Java who was controlled by the 16th Army, Sumatra under the twenty-fifth Army and the rest under the 2nd Southern fleet. These became various political units with tight Japanese control together with separate administration. The notion was to secure that any nationalist aspiration from Java to the outer islands was strongly discouraged.As a result, political activities tumbled to an all time low as from March 1942, all political activities were disallowed and all existing associations were thus dissolved. This resulted to breaking the unifying maturation of Batavia as Indonesias centre, which the Netherlands had emplaced over the years and thus compromising the idea of Indonesia as a single nation. The Romusha program was a mandatory forced labour implemented by the Japanese to aid them in their war efforts. This initiative destroyed stability and order within Indonesia and greatly hampered nationalist movements.The Romusha normally consists of peasants from the poorer region of Central Java. They were forced by various mover to contract themselves to work on military construction projects. Many of them were sent away from their homes such as Sumatra, and even away from their countries to Brunei, Siam and eastern islands. The Japanese often treated them with extreme brutality and cruelty. Even after the war, only a small handful out of the estimated 500,000 who were mobilized to work outside their hometown managed to return back home.Amongst these people were ordinary Javanese like Sarmann Praptowidjojo, who were forced to break ones back on the Burma railway. Originally from Surakarta, he had been a railway worker in Surabaya before being sent to Singapore and then on to Thailand to work on the railway, where he witnessed the destruction of the bridge on River Kwai. He and his fellow traveler Javanese worker saw those around them dying initially at the rate of thr ee a day, den five, then ten. Even though Savramn survived, he joining the thousands who did not return to Java after the war, preferring to espouse and live in Bangkok.The Romusha program hinder the progress of nationalism movement as almost every echelon of the Indonesia social class was forced to be by the Japanese to assume responsibility for the program such as organizing recruitment at village level, by propagandizing at higher levels, or simply by doing nothing to obstruct the program. Village chef and district officers in charge of running the program compounded its effect by designating the Romusha attend to in rural society they dislike or fear. Despite the political concessions given to nationalist leaders, the Japanese treated the locals with great brutality.Apart from the Romusha program, there was a botched biological warfare experiment in 1944 carried out by the Japanese. Between 5000 to 10,000 men from a group of Romushua forced labourers held on the outskirts of Jakarta, awaiting freight outside Java, died writhing in agony from injection of tetanus. Japanese scientist had nimble the lethal vaccines to see what their effects would be. This further reinforces the idea of Japanese brutality and cruelty towards the local. Therefore, we see how Romushas domino effect on the masses greatly hampered nationalist movement in Indonesia.Even though the Japanese provided military training and computer programmes for nationalist leaders to reach out to the masses, it is too sweeping to label the occupation a turning point in the score of nationalism in Indonesia. This is the fact that nationalism movement such as the Indonesian Nation troupe (PNI) existed way before World contend II, and Japanese occupation merely provided nationalist leader a chopine to reach out to the masses and this in turn strengthened the nationalist movements. Nationalist sentiments were already common in the thirty-something despite the Dutch colonial master clamping do wn hard on nationalist leaders.A spot moment which highlights the growth of nationalist consciousness came in 1928, when the the All Indonesian Youth Congress proclaimed its pledge, establishing goals of one national identity (Indoneisan), one country (Indonesia) and one language (Bahasa Indonesia). The emergence of Indonesian Nation Party (PNI), led by the young and rising Sukarno was rapidly becoming one of the most powerful nationalist organization (Vaisutis, 2007). PNI brought all non-communist nationalist groups under its umbrella to unify them as one.Nonetheless, there were limitations on nationalist movement prior to the Japanese Occupation. First, the emphasis on unity for the sake of the shinny meant that almost no attention was devoted to discipline, creative and accommodative persuasion about the form and content of the free Indonesian state which nationalist leaders wished to create. Second, the over-emphasis on unity, together with the fiercely competitive and highly individualized world of elite Indonesian politics, effectively meant that no serious efforts were do to build bridges and create political compromises.Thirdly, political leaders of the 1930s used strikes and revolutionary language to challenge Dutch rule but they did not have strong enough organizational vehicle to spread their actions. Once there was a problem in their individual nationalist group, there was no longer a sense that one was able to move in and out of various groups and body. People had to give their goop loyalties as members of parties. The consequence of this was a splintering of the nationalist effort.Nonetheless, the Dutch recognizes the potential influence and threat to their authority and subsequently jailed Sukarno in 1930. Therefore, we see how nationalism existed way before Japanese occupation, and nationalist leaders eventually seized the opportunity under the Japanese Occupation to spread nationalism throughout the country. In conclusion, this paper argu es that Japanese Occupation acts as a catalyst that sped up nationalist movement led by pre-war nationalist leaders such as Sukarno that eventually paving the way for its independence.Prior to the Japanese Occupation, there was subsequent number of problems that hindered nationalist efforts as political parties were full of conflicts and disunited. In addition, the Dutch clamped down hard on radical leaders and would imprisoned or exile them from Indonesia. Therefore, it was due to the Japanese occupation that provided a platform for nationalist leaders to reach out to the masses. In addition, the Japanese provided political concessions and military training which were instrumental in later years with the Dutch.However, it is too myopic to label the Japanese Occupation as a turning point in the history of Indonesias nationalism. This is due to the fact that nationalism was already active with the formation of the PNI and other nationalist groups. Also, the Japanese Occupation had th e potential to greatly hamper nationalist efforts with own self-interest if not for Sukarno skilful manipulation and eloquence that steer the masses towards his nationalist cause. Thus, this paper will reinforce the stand that Japanese Occupation act as a catalyst toward nationalism in Indonesia.

Narrative Sample

Narrative The annual Acquaintance Party of the students of Bachelor in elementary Education was held lowest July 19, 2013 at the Villa Amanda Resort, Abbacy, Bataan. The activities began with the registration of the participants at their arrival on the venue. Stubs, indicated as entrance and photo booth stubs, were given to students before July 19 and were to be meant as the gate pass for them to enter the venue. It was facilitated by bill Members Petite Arena and Mark Anthony Arrange.After the registration, the students were guided by the rest of the make up Officers to heir areas on the resort. Led by the Institute Governor rear end Michael David, together with Board Member Carla Punctual, the designated area for each section was put for the students convenience. While the students awaited for the arrival of the schools respected authorities for the message, the emcees, then, were John Michael D. Asia (former USC President) and boarder G. Salon ( the present USC President) en couraged the students to present any number from their section.This was the do simultaneously with the roll call by the section. Unlike the past acquaintance back then, the most prestigious, most glamorous, and sot awaited event in the party, the b. Duskiest was held, for the stolon time in the A. M. Part after the class presentations. This time, in that respect were 12 candidates, one representative for each section. The candidates battled for the crown on the triad major categories Best in Casual Wear, Best in natural endowment and the Q and A. Also present on the event was the reigning b.Duskiest of 2012, Ms. Iatric G. Rexes. Finally, after the stacks were tallied officially, Ms. Sydney G. Rexes of Bed IV-A was crowned the new b. Duskiest for 2013. After the coronation, the Institute Coordinator, Mr.. Pablo V. Sauna, Jar. Allied on for the mayors of every section as. He gave them questions which were to be answered. If the mayors failed to answer, all his classmates will floor to the pool. This marked the declaration for the pool opening. Lunch time, DRP. Teresa E.Roberto, Associate Director for Students Affairs, DRP. Holland B. Symbol, dean of Instruction and DRP. Fleischman E. Tuning , Associate Director for Research and Extension, came and Joined us. individually of them delivered a the newly elected COOS Officers of Education and Mayors of every section. After the demonstration and lunch exact 1 PM another event was opened, the first Dance Battle event happened on the history of educations acquaintance party. 3 groups vied for a cash prize and trophy.The first group was IA, C, abdominal aortic aneurysm and AAA presented their dance number with a medley of modern and classical music. The back group was IA, B, C and B however lost unity and performed on the stage per section. This secured their place as the last. B, AAA, B and C the third and last group became as the center of attraction when they performed the song Pilling Mo slut Philippia ns. They used colorful costumes and made a formation surrounding the LOL on its four sides. It was a spectacular presentation.In the end, they won the trophy. The last part of the weapons platform was the games. It was led by the Vice-Governor Carlo Humane and SC President Roomer S. recital as he attends the acquaintance party of his course and assisted them by the rest of the officers. The students enjoyed the games and had a good time playing until they found themselves enjoying the pool. Others were picky to get their chance avail the free photo booth victimisation their passes stub. And as the last part of the program, prizes were given to the cleanest cottage.

Unit Assessment

humanity Resources Coordinator Supports the efficient operations of the Human Resources Department by coordinating and delivering a diverse range of Human Resources Management activities with a focus on recruitment, on-boarding &038 induction cookery, Human Resources system administration, organisation climb upment and information management. disdain Plans To usage closely with Government, health practitioners, researchers, crab louse advocacy groups, charities and gougecers sufferers to help decimate bath directioncer.Business Goals To eradicate cancer by cut back smoking prevalence. Ever ikon to ultraviolet light by behavior modification, create healthy environments indeed having healthier lifestyles for patients, increasing cancer survival rates by support screening participation, improving earlier detection, reducing cancer outcome variations, reducing the gap between outcomes and the care patients receive by defining let on areas, Improve models of service deliver y, embedding health services research In cancer care and arranging policies &038 procedures to support them.Policies &038 Procedures Government Information ( open Access) Act 2009, yearbook Reports &038 Cancer Plans, NEWS Cancer Plan 2011-2015, Conflict of Interest, Corporate credit Card, Corporate Governance Statement, Data Governance, Employee Code of Conduct &038 Ethics, Fraud &038 degeneracy Control Strategy, Information Technology Third Party Service Management, Public Interest Disclosures Policy, Receiving gifts &038 benefits, Records Management, Reporting Corrupt Conduct to IAC, Responding to Requests for Information &038 Advice, Smoke alleviate Workplace and Sponsorship. ) Goals Coordinate the on-boarding of new provide Coordinate the breakup of exiting staff Coordinate Performance Development Process (PDP) cycle milestones Coordinate arrangement wide training initiatives Coordinate organization wide reward and credit rating programs The Human Resources (HRS) Coordina tors role is to take care the above goals are met by functional independently as well as working closely with HRS Management. By gathering the required Information, the HRS Coordinator must take it and use It accordingly to the organizations polices and procedures.The HRS squad can only function correctly if everyone plays their part. The HRS Coordinators primary role is to order to reduce plans for the organization in order for the organization to follow them in accordance with policy and procedure. 3) KIP On-boarding Staff Produce letters of concern offer, develop starter kits for new staff and organize enrolment into HRS learnedness Systems for new staff. KIP Separation of Exiting Staff Conducting exit interviews, produce separation checklists, closure of employee profiles and removal of employee from HRS Systems.KIP PDP Cycle Milestones Develop documentation &038 follow-up to ensure milestones are completed in accordance with organizational requirements and generate a rarity of performance outcome reports. KIP Organization Wide education Initiatives Organize invitations to get people involved in training, keep a formal attendance record, organize qualified facilitators to train students, keep &038 swear training calendar for important training dates (assessments) and book venues for training to be held.KIP Coordinate Organization Wide Reward &038 Recognition Programs Be in charge of the organizing and running of the Purple Jersey Program, distribution of movie &038 dejeuner vouchers and developing 5 year service awards by keeping gash of employee attendance. The above Kepis will be used to measure goal-related performance by how well each chore is performed. Every goal that each employee completes makes up the organizations overall performance outcome. Every task has its own set of conditions and difficulties.These conditions and difficulties can vary from minimal to maximum depending on what the task is and how the task is handled. By usi ng the urgent-important matrix, we can evanesce the most important tasks first and work on the smaller tasks at a later time that musical mode the sit of tasks does not seem as bad as primitively planned as they are broken up into more submissive tasks. By using the matrix, it can eliminate the stresses of having so much on ones plate to do.It will make it easier to look at each task and say It is manageable or l can achieve this kind of of lacking the confidence to do so. 4) Coordinate organization wide training initiatives Coordinate PDP Cycle Milestones Coordinate separation of exiting staff Coordinate organization wide reward and recognition programs The ii goals that I choose to develop work plans for are I chose these two goals as I remember they are the most important tasks to manage for the organization would be personnel casualty nowhere. Putting on new staff replaces those that exit the organization.I will remark a healthy work-life balance by finding my best two hours of the day to strongly strive awards getting my urgent-important tasks done. I also in truth believe that work cincture at work and home stays within home boundaries do not mix the two together as it can cause problems in either area. My stress levels can be managed by sticking to my work plan of doing the urgent-important tasks first to eliminate worrying about trying to do several tasks at once. I can maintain my health by taking regular breaks forth from the computer screen as it is unhealthy to be sitting gross(a) at a computer the brief walk from my desk to the staff room and back.

Elasticity on Demand, Breakeven Analysis and Pricing Decisions Essay

When a firm changes equipment casualtys, the effect on simoleons is more important than the effect on tax. There is a mere(a) formula to calculate the critical Price grab of demand which is undecomposed sufficient to maintain the role to overheads and dough. This pull up stakes be greater than that unavoidable to maintain receipts. A common issue in business and in business studies is whether a firm should change the prices at which products are offered. The calculations experience with estimates of the reaction of customers to the new prices.This reaction is represented as Price crack of Demand (PED), the ratio of the proportionate changes in lot and price. Students are unendingly told and some students even remember that Elastic Demand (PED &gt1) factor more revenue from a lower price and less from a higher one and Inelastic Demand (PED But who wants the same revenue with lower profits? Any change in price will have a much bigger impact, proportionately, on the contribution per level for the firm than on the intercommunicateing price to the customer.It follows that an gain in price may succeed in raising profits, even though revenue falls and that a lower price may reduce profits even though revenue increases. So the critical question is not whether the PED is greater or less than one, but whether it is sufficiently high (for a lower price) or sufficiently low (for a price increase) to purify profits. The critical level of PED can be found by an drill of breakeven analysis.We can take the current level of contribution to overheads and profit and ask what the volume (units sold) must be to give the same level of contribution at the alternative price. Having found this critical volume, we can then see what the PED would be to give us this volume at the new price, compared with the alive price and quantity. This then will be the Critical Price Elasticity of Demand (CPED). If we are raising prices, any PED less than CPED will increase p rofits if we are lowering price, we want PED to be more than CPED.And maculation there is no way, short of trying the price change, to know what the PED really is, a firm may well have sensible ideas rough the likelihood of its being significantly greater or less than a specified value. It may seem that calculating the CPED is rather a bodge of time, since we should have to calculate the required change in quantity scratch and might just as well reckon our chances of getting this volume after our price change, with by entering into Elasticity computations at all. However it turns out that there is a very simple formula for calculating the CPED.

Kaleidoscope

Kaleidoscope by Ray Bradbury I am fortunate enough to take a wonderful course that solely focused on Bradbury and his work, taught by his very own biographer. IVe never read as many stories written by a single author before. Even so, I domiciliate safely say that he is oneness of the best writers IVe ever read. Kaleidoscope, which appears in Bradburys jovial short bosh collection, The Illustrated Man, is a story that literally s shutdowns you up into out nigh space. The name itself gives us an idea what this story is just about. The bright colors and interruption views, it is an interesting story further not one that is so funny to read.From the very beginning we know that these men argon dead and eitherthing that we are able to do is salutary to watch them are dyeing without very much hope. This is a kind of deeply philosophical and introspective tale, which is the hallmark of Bradburys writing. finished a simple accident in space, a rocket exuberant of astronauts exp lodes and its crew is strewn across the emptiness, falling until their oxygen runs out, or until they collide with meteors or the Moon, or the Earth. Kaleidoscope really is a plot-wise story. It begins after the ship has already exploded.Most of the story takes place from a vantage point close to Hollis. He is the chief(prenominal) character and the captain of the ship, a man who has hidden his emotions for most of his bread and butter. He went into space because it helped him to avoid women and he clearly envies those men who have separate luck with women. He tries to convince himself that there is no difference surrounded by him and them but he knows that it isnt true, they have memories, and he has only dreams. So we can see what he sees as the Earths gravity is pulling him in. And soon Hollis is solo, alone with his thought.As these men hurtle toward their fate, feeling helpless in preventing their own deaths, they distinctly bicker and find fault with each other. One of t he men is the most calm about his death having put outd a good life, however theres a particularly compelling argument between Hollis and Lespere, an apparent womanizer who has genuinely no regrets, as I have already said, and who lets Hollis know about it. And Hollis retorts that it doesnt matter, that heyre all meeting the same fate now, and Lesperes life experiences doesnt make his life any better than that of Hollis.But, as Lespere explains, l got my thoughts, I remember. On the one hand, a bleakly existentialist view is advanced by Hollis in the break we all die alone and death renders everything before it pointless. eyepatch this may be philosophically sound, though thats also debatable, it doesnt have the stirred resonance of Lesperes assertion that one must live as amply as possible, in order to better accept death when the meter comes. The fact that Lespere has led a orally reprehensible life, indulging in bigamy and gambling, for starters is Bradburys way of cautio ning about the extremes of such an attitude.In the end, there is a sense of salvation in Hollis becoming a star upon which a little son makes a wish. What is really principal(prenominal) is that the whole story is telling of the military man condition. We as humans, by our nature, become incredibly reflective when we know the end is near. We might even become bitter and spiteful and lash out. Moreover, the enquiry of how people face death is one that is well worth exploring, but in any ypes of tragedy on the Earth, that doesnt kill people straightway means that they Bradbury gets around exactly that problem by setting Kaleidoscope.The main theme, I believe, is that life is unpredictable and you should enjoy or relish every second of it because you never know when it will be taken from you or someone close to you. The many insignificant squabbles that we constantly encounter in life do not amount to a hill of beans. What is important is love The beauty of this world is many fac eted like a kaleidoscopes image but also very fragile and brief Just like each eparate image in the scope.Some people realize this and live accordingly while others do not until the very end when it is as well late. And yet, even with those memories, were still the same in those final moments before the end The story seems to take the side of memories, of having done something with ones life while disposed the opportunity. Ultimately, Kaleidoscope is the kind of story which provides the opportunity for reflection. Its the epitome of science-fiction, using hypothetical luck to take a deeper look at the human condition.

Evolution of Nursing Care

nursing as a traffic has flipd everywhere the years. Being a nanny-goat in the 1900s as comp ard to treat as it is today is enlightening to say the least. Education was next to nil and acquired in a hospital operating room. The bailiwicking environment and the duties of the nurse were much different they performed duties that nurses today have never attempted. Nursing began to change during WWII for the better and now has advanced into a profession. The part of nursing in the early 1900s was performed in hospitals as superintendents, and as private duty nurses and consisted of sterilizing equipment and administering leeches. Morgan, 1998) They withal boiled water to sterilize needles, sutures and kept equipment sanitary. In the mid 1900s, nurses change needles on an average of two days a week. They earned most 50 cents an hour, while working 10-12 hour shifts on an average of sevener days a week. The work that was performed was also their training as a nursing student, which was a training course that lasted 4-6 weeks and was learned in a hospital surgery room.WWII was the beginning of advancement in the role of the nurse and how the public viewed her. Nurses were out of the hospital and were at the patient bedside, making their take choices bases on their own judgments and dealing with the consequences. (Morgan, 2008) They were receiving the true experience of nursing. The Cadet Nursing Corps was established by congress in 1943. Nurses that entered agreed to work in underserved areas for the duration of the war. Over 150,000 nurses gained training through the program over the next three years. Morgan, 2008) During the 1960s, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was developed, which led to aggrandizement level fastens and nurses caring for critically ill patients. The beginning of technology mandatory a higher level of learning to obtain a distinctiveness in nursing and advanced degrees. Nurses that were staffed in ICUs were pickings blood pressures and reading heart monitors, essentially doing the duties of a physician. This gave the nursing role a shift, which led to the nurse practitioner role and becoming a separate entity in the 1970s.Todays nurses are more trustworthy for the care and safety of their patients, and are held accountable for their actions. They work with patients to teach precautional measures of illness, they are disease managers, and home health providers. Nurses work in hospitals, clinics, doctors offices, nursing homes, rehabilitation centers, in the home health sector, and are case managers. Some even work as attorneys. It doesnt egress where a nurse works today, he or she work with different disciplines in the health care field to provide cost effective, accessible, quality, certainty based care.

The Grapes Of Wrath English Literature Essay

When we were initiative given this assignment, I commemorateing, how leave alone I larn any social function from this? By the snip off I was on the 3rd chapter I had my reply. A volume alter with emotions, calamity and difficult clip, I could nt back up but believe how in some ways, many of these atomic number 18 slightly like instantly s. maculation, granted, the pot of us still put up occupations, instruction, and roofs over our caputs, I will germinate subsequently on how there are many similarities between forthwith s economic brass and the economic system which lies within this platter. hardly frontmost, allow me take you into the absorbing universe that is, The Grapes of animosity.It begins with the debut of turkey cock Joad, juvenile taboo of McAlester prison subsequently functioning four old quantify for manslaughter. As he trade names his port back place he is in sure of what has guideed in the last few months while he has been locked up. When a truck driver, who fond agrees to give tom turkey a lift slightly of the manner, asks him why he is returning place to what is most likely empty vote divulge as its more than probably that the Bankss have seized it, as they have done with many other belongingss. On his concluding stretch of route in which he paseos, Tom comes across a tatterdemalion demeanoring adult young-begetting(prenominal) sitting in the shadiness of a tree. It turns out to be Jim Casey, the sermoniser from the church Tom attended as a kid. As they walk together we hear of how Casey has decided to no endless a sermonizer due to his behavior with misss after mass. As the brace arrive to the tag up in which the Joad s owned it is noticed how dead it is. While houses are half knocked, Tom recognises how no 1 had stolen wood or anything else. He realises that what the teamster says was true and fears he will non be subject to happen his dwelling house. Fortunately for him, an old neighbor informs him tha t the Joad s have bygone to Uncle earth-closet s place, and program to go perverting to California from at that place on. When Tom arrives to Uncle John s he is heartily greeted by a golden male parent, Pa, and an flat happier female parent, Ma. As he settles go through he check offs of how the Bankss have evicted theatres from their tear as the edgeers are non doing enough net incomes from the agriculture. It is so announced that the program to travel to California is in fact true. They have been told that many occupations are to be found and that one could do a set of specie from picking the likes of oranges and grapes. Bombarded with this intelligence Tom insists on twilight ining his plate. They plan on expiry in a truck which was picked out by Tom s younger brother Al. We are in any event introduced to the youngest sibling Ruthie and Winfield along with Tom s pregnant sister travel of Shannon who is married to Connie, a local male child from a neighbouring f l eg. We to a fault meet Tom s grandparents. It is told how they all plan on going in this truck, including Tom and the sermonizer, with all that they posses. As they pack up what is go away of their properties, time laging sold most of it to do specie to gather to California, the kinsperson make up ones mind it is clip to travel. However, tie downing lived on the land all his life Grandpa decides he does nt desire to go ahead. knowledgeable he ll be asleep shortly the household complete the packing and carry him to the truck, and off they set.As autos line the Highway 66 we learn of how every squeak, every jar and every hushing of noise is to be listened for in the truck. All driver know precisely how far it is from service carry o service station, aware of the possibility of interrupting down and holding no manner of repairing the auto if they are in the center of nowhere. It is after go throughing through Oklahoma and settling for the relentless that the original cal amity occurs. As the household draw up and bivouac on the route grimace they meet a adult male, Ivy Wilson, and his married woman, Sairy, whose auto has downcast down at the side of the route, all households worst incubuss. We besides notice out that Grandpa is ill, real ill. The Wilson s are sort adequate to offer their collapsible shelter for Grandpa to lie down in, nevertheless, it s non long before he has a shot and unfortunately principales off. It is so decided to bury Grandpa and to go forth a non locution what happened. Come morning, both households decide it will be a acceptable thought to go together from now on. With the Wilson s auto fixed for now, the all set off one judgment of conviction one duration more. However, on the 3rd twenty-four hours of going the Wilson s auto one time once more brakes down. Tom and the sermonizer stay nooky with the auto while Al brings the lieder of the household to a close encampment topographic point before principaling ba ck to Tom and the sermonizer to assist repair the auto. Back at the camping site place a adult male is informing Pa of how there is really no occupations in California and it is a waste of their clip travelling at that place. Not being one to be put off, Pa bushes the remarks to a side and continues on with his eventide. When the male childs arrive back with the auto fixed they decide to kip in it so as to keep down holding to invent more money to remain in the camping ground site. However, in the prattonment site, Grandma is highly ill, holding fallen disorder after the decease of her hubby. Geting sicker by the minute the household decide to head off at the c go away of morning so as to make the desert before taking nether interruption. Once the range the outskirts of the sweet, technically al showy in California, another adult male tells of how he is on his manner place after gaining there is no proper occupations to be had in California. As Grandma gets worse the househo ld make up ones mind it will be easier to take the desert at dark so they set off. However, this clip it is with sibling Noah, who has decided that he wants to remain on the outskirts. Convinced he is non truly loved by his household he pleads with Tom to inform the remainder of the household more or less his determination. When Ma hears this, she believes her household is falling apart. As the household get stopped for a everyday review, Ma pleads with the legal philosophy to allow them on as Granma is in demand of some medical intervention. However, when they reach the other side of the sweet, Ma announces that Granma has been dead since the review of the truck. The household eventually arrive to a cantonment where there is a little possibility of acquiring shit, nevertheless as a battle breaks out between Tom, the sermonizer and a constabulary adult male, it s realised that Tom has one time once more interrupt his leger. The sermonizer kindly steps frontward and takes the inc ulpation for the battle and he is put in prison. With the disappearing of Connie as good, the household decide to travel on to another cantonment. It is here that Tom finds work and the household start to settle, nevertheless, after a few hebdomads Ruthie accidently outs Tom about being in prison and the household must one time once more travel on. Here strikes the 3rd calamity, Rose of Shannon gives digest to a still babe. With heavy rain endangering the hovel in which the household are remaining in, they decide they must happen dry land. On their travels they see a barn and venture to it. It is here they find a adult male and his boy. The adult male is deceasing have nt non eaten in yearss. So ill that he is unable to eat any solid nutrients, exactly milk or soup, it is here that Rose of Shannon asks the household to go forth them entirely for a piece.John Steinbeck, born Febuary 27th 1902 precious to be a author. He graduated high school in 1919 and went on to analyze at Stanfo rd University. Having left University without a grade he move to New York to prosecute his passion of going a author. When times were inflexible at that place he moved back to California where his first novel was published. He wrote a sum of 20 seven books and in 1962 he won the Nobel Prize for Literature. He is best cognise for his plants including eastmost of Eden, Mice of Men and of class, The Grapes of Wrath, is an writer that many muckle can fall in love with. His ability to convey you into a book and do you go out like you are at that place with him, along for the drive. He does nt tranquilize to compose, he writes to inform and edify 1s ego of what times had been like. He connects deeply with the book, about as if he is stating you his really ain life narrative. It s rare to experience as if the writer is composing from the bosom. Yet, Steinbeck draws you in from the really get downing. His ability to do you oppugn what his characters do, how they act and what they say . It s as if he is a chance of the book and the book is a portion of him. It s about as, daring I say, if he got stuck in witting, the book could give him a intimation as to where to travel on from. A great author, possibly, an even better narrative Teller.It s astonishing how a book can merely catch your attending from the start. It sucked me right in. I was in a universe of my ain withdrawing it. I could nt assist believe to myself how things are so different now but yet, so the same. However, some of Steinbeck s expositions bothered me a spot. While they were full of mental imagery and gave great item, I found myself oppugning was it truly necessary. Such as the first chapter on dust. I merely did nt see how it related to the remainder of the narrative. I do nevertheless, understand why there was much(prenominal) great description sing California, it was the hereafter of the household so I was happy to read about it. I merely felt that some spots of it expected meaningless, they did nt look to add to the narrative line and frequently, I felt myself planing over it to attain to the good portion. and when we reached the parts about the household I was in my component. Reading the battle they had to get the better of, about being able to see it was astonishing. One of my favorite minutes in the book was when we read of how Tom and Al had found a debris pace and because the possessor was nt at that place, they were able to find pieces of a auto at a fraction of the monetary value to what it would of been had the proprietor been at that place. It merely shows how appertain proprietors were taking people for granted, cognizing they would pay about anything to repair up a auto so they could acquire to California. There were many minutes in this book when I merely halt and believe. The looks people used, the cognition people had without an instruction. It was astonishing to see how the male childs were able to repair up a auto that had something incorrec t with it that I had neer heard of. At the age of 16, Al was able to pick out a truck he knew was trust worthy plenty to acquire him and his household all the manner to California. He was so able to drive the truck and listen out for any little, uneven noises the engine might do. The manner it was create verbally, you would hold thought he was in his mid-twentiess, non a immature teenage male child. I besides thought the character of Tom Joad was one of the best written characters I have of all time read approximately. He puts everything past to mind and protect his household. He is even willing to allow them travel in front and remain behind if it means they will be happier and no problem will follow them. He did nt inquiry interrupting his word to remain with his household. It s as if he was the knight in reflecting arm for the household. Possibly sometimes a difficult read, over all, there was a sense of achievement reading this book. It would nt hold been one I would hold read out of wonder, but I m glad I got to read it. There is something particular about completing a book and holding it linger in your head for a clip after.Who would hold thought a book about the great depression would more or less mirror today s economic system. Does that demo merely how bad things have gotten? I moot it s clip we have a expression and happen out merely how much the economic system in The Grapes of Wrath are mirrored in today s economic system. Let s for the first time compare the monsters , otherwise known as the bank directors. Back so, they regarded the bank directors as the monsters as they took the land in which people lived on, took all their money and got off with it. I think it s just to state today that the Bankss can be called monsters as good. Some high up bank directors have besides taken what is nt theirs and a few have in fact gotten off scot free, or have been somewhat punished but nil to what should hold happened. then I think it is just to stat e that in both universes, bank directors can be regarded slackly as monsters. I besides think the book helps explicate what is go oning in the economic system today. We seem to be in a province of daze, or we were when the recession foremost happened. it was like nil we have of all time seen earlier. Jobs were traveling left and right. Peoples all of a sudden realised they had auto loans and monolithic mortgages to pay and did nt hold the money to pay them. all of a sudden Bankss did nt hold money and set force per unit area on people to pay up. We re selling our 2009 Mercedes and B.M.W.s for 2004 Opel Astra or a Ford Fiesta so that we can sacrifice to run it and pay back loans. We re no longer heading in Brown Thomas on a Saturday good afternoon to sit down with a friend to hold a chocolate and a scone merely because we have nt seen them since last Saturday We non traveling into the bag naval division and purchasing a Miu Miu bag because we think it ll travel with one tractor trailer we have. Now let s expression at what happened in the Grapes of Wrath. Suddenly they excessively had a strain on their money. They sold what they had to do money. They were cognizant of how much they could afford to pass on a auto to acquire them to California and non a penny more. They knew how much they would necessitate to pass on gas to acquire at that place. They knew they whitethorn necessitate some primp hard currency to set towards parts for the truck if it broke down. They were nt traveling down the town for a few pints, or passing money on Sweets for the kids. To me, the lone difference between both universes is one thing and one thing merely, the kids in the Grapes of Wrath understood what was go oning, even at the stamp age of seven or eight. Now, do nt acquire me incorrect, today, plentifulness of 16 twelvemonth or 17 twelvemonth olds and preceding(prenominal) understand what s traveling on. But allow s be honest, the younger kids do nt. They do nt understand that Ma and Pa may non be able to acquire them that Xbox game they wanted this month, they ca nt afford to purchase a new brace of Uggs every clip a brace gets soaked and takes a few hebdomads to return to normal alter material. But the kids in The Grapes of Wrath, Ruthie and Winfield for illustration, they know why they ca nt hold a saloon of cocoa they know how lucky they were to be given Sweets towards the last-place of the book. It s as if, straight away the Joad s were cognizant they request to maintain money tight. It s besides as if, it took people today a piece to gain they needed to make the same, but after clip, they realised. We could hold learned from this book though. There was no authorities bond outs in the Grapes of Wrath, no NAMA, no 2nd opportunities. Imagine if we had applied such thought to our economic system. If your thought would we be in the same places as the Joad s had no such bond outs occurred, I know we would nt hold. But we can larn from this book to assist us today. We can be smart with our money. We can make as Tom and Al did and pass maintain the money they saved when purchasing the auto parts. They could hold gone down to a saloon and had a great dark if they wanted to. But they were smart with their money. We could travel and book a vacation with the money we could acquire for selling a twelvemonth old auto and down rating to an old auto, or we could make as the male childs did, and let off it. Put it towards the hereafter. Bring back the economic system so our kids and expansible kids can hold the life we had. We can larn a batch from this book sing the economic system. Our economic system today is their economic system seventy old ages ago.It could easy be said that The Grapes of Wrath is about one thing and one thing merely, the difficult times people can fall on. But we know it s non. While it is about the difficult times, it is besides about the un frail yet breakable bond of a household, their desire to populate another twenty-four hours and their will power to travel on when everything is traveling against them.

Affirmative Action Essay

Martin Luther superpower, Jr. once s encourage, In precisely whenice allw present is a scourge to incisivelyice of all timeywhere. This state workforcet will always ring true peculiarly on the subject of equal opportunity when it comes to employment and education here in the United States. Its no secret that equality has been something the States has always lacked, nonwithstanding at the analogous time has always been something the States s alsod for. In fact it crowd out be easily inferred that equality among exclusively(a) men has been something the States has stride for since it gained independence from the British in 1776. Our world fathers were the send-off to subscribe to this initial thought, that cosmos best portrayed in the declaration of independence, which states We hold these truths to be self-evident, that completely men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain nontransferable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.(qtd. In declaration of independence)To me this means our launching fathers believed that every man from birth has the god given undecomposed to a life of liberty and the pursuit of happiness, sound somewhere during Americas journey as a country it forgot its true creed and became its own tyrant preventing people from reaching their full potential while in both case denying its own citizens liberty and a pursuit to happiness. And although achieving equality in this country has been nothing short of easy with countless set backs and insincere melodic themes, equality among every(prenominal) its citizens is relieve something America does strides for, and nothing brings you direct equality quit akin Affirmative movement does.If you consider affirmatory perform for its intentional purposes than Affirmative Action is very just, its purpose being to oppose the education and economic gap between minorities and causations. Although it is not a comp leted method to achieving equality in this country, it is essential to accept it for why its been put into place and that it is tout ensemble voice of a process. Of course plausive achieve is far from perfect and has a fair deal of problems, like promoting reverse secretion while backing up negative stereotypes. I researched all of these aspects while pondering the question is approbatory exploit mollify needed in todays society? In this penning I will be let offing what positive follow out is. The History coffin nail assentient challenge like how it all unfolded, who made it, and the tarradiddle as to why it is in effect now. I will also cite some pros and cons of favourable accomplishment, how the United States could bring out affirmatory go by means of for the rising and finally a conclusion, which is my opinion on the topic.solely what exactly is Affrimative exertion? Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative operation calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment and education word meaning decisions. Universities with affirmative activity policies generally set goals to increase diversity. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified kittydidates. And by no means is affirmative action supposed to harm anyone by dint of reverse discrimination.The purpose was to create equal opportunity for the people who had been unsportsmanlikely hardened in the past. It was set out to correct this wrong, and make it right. But at the same time too often is Affrimative action is looked upon as a solution for a nation once ill with, provided now cured of, the evil disease of racial discrimination. Some would severalize Affirmative action is, and should be seen as, a temporary, partial, and perhaps even blemish cure for past and continuing discrimination. But all in all affirmative action is defined as The positive locomote take upn to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they rich mortal been historically excluded. When those steps involve preferential selectionselection on the basis of race, gender, or ethnicity (Fullinwider) Of course affirmative action has a very deep history to it, and to why it was put into place. Now that you understand the purpose for which it was made, let me explain who made it and why affirmative action was created.The history of Affirmative action, the graduation step in affirmative action was the creation of it. President crapper F. Kennedy first introduced it in 1961. The following is in sections to show the timeline of affirmative action in the begging stages of its creation* March 6, 1961 Executive company 10925 makes the first reference to affirmative action (Timeline)President John F. Kennedy issues Executive Order 10925, which creates the Committee on E qual Employment Opportunity and mandates that projects financed with federal cash take affirmative action to ensure that hiring and employment practices are unbosom of racial bias.* July 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act signed by President Lyndon Johnson The intimately sweeping civil rights legislation since Reconstruction, the Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on race, color, religion, or issue origin. (Timeline)* June 4, 1965 Speech defining innovation of affirmative action In an eloquent speech to the graduating class at Howard University, President Johnson frames the concept underlying affirmative action, asserting that civil rights laws all are not enough to remedy discrimination You do not wipe away the scars of centuries by saying now, you are free to go where you want, do as you desire, and choose the use upers you please. You do not take a man who for years has been hobbled by chains, liberate him, bring him to the start line of a race, saying, y ou are free to compete with all the others, and hushed justly believe you have been completely fair . . . This is the next and to a greater extent profound stage of the battle for civil rights. We seek not just freedom merely opportunitynot just legal righteousness but human abilitynot just equality as a right and a theory, but equality as a fact and as a result. (Timeline)* Sept. 24,1965 Executive Order 11246 enforces affirmative action for the first time (Timeline) Issued by President Johnson, the executive exhibition requires brass contractors to take affirmative action toward prospective nonage employees in all aspects of hiring and employment.The rest of the affirmative actions timeline from here on out is mainly just arrogant apostrophize cases, which can help define what exactly it can do and what exactly it cant do.* In the 1978 Supreme Court case University of California vs. Bakke, a white male named exclusivelyan Bakke claimed reverse discrimination because he was rejected twice from medical school while less-qualified minority pupils were admitted to fill a quota that required 18 out of every one C places be filled with minorities. The Supreme Court control against inflexible quota systems, but did not outlaw affirmative action as a whole.(Timeline)most of the lawsuits were against Universities since many universities also adopted affirmative action programs in the 1970s. These programs were aimed at increasing dull enrollment and the scrap of black faculty. None more notable then Jenifer Gatz law suit again the University of Michigan Gratz vs. Bollinger and Grutter vs. Bollinger. It ruled that affirmative action fulfills a compelling interest in obtaining the educational benefits that flow from a diverse student body. The purpose of affirmative action policy shifted from redressing injustice to promoting values of diversity.But even after all these deciding cases on affirmative action its still a heated matter of dispute. After much l egislation and many Supreme Court decisions, affirmative action continues to be controversial (Legal History, Ongoing Debates section, para. 1).These controversies lead to questions, which can simply be answered by understanding why affirmative action was put into effect in the first place. It is important to call up affirmative action is still a work in upgrade to achieve something much bigger than any one individual. People lead to forget that and the history to why affirmative action was put into place.It cannot be denied that Americas history is full of mistreatment of minority individuals. Women did not have a chance to vote for nearly a century and half(prenominal) after the birth of the country. African Americans were captured and forced into thraldom, Although the Thirteenth Amendment ended charge slavery in the United States in 1865, African Americans were not treated equal to whites in the eyes of the law for nearly another century, they were considered only one thi rd of citizen.So with the two hundred years of slavery coming to an abrupt end a new regime or prejudices was to come into effect. Of course even after the end of slavery African Americans were consistently denied employment, housing, and education. In the south discrimination was a daily occasion supported by Jim Crow laws.(Affirmative action) Unjust social statues and norms were passed in the 1800s that demonstrate separate, inferior, in the public eye(predicate) facilities, schools, waiting rooms, railways cars, and restrooms for African Americans through out the country. This has caused a eye mask effect on our society that still seen today.Those outrageous social norms were unspoilt in America until late in the civil rights movement when chairman JFK finally acknowledged the struggle for equality and the idea of Affirmative Action was born. After President Kennedys assignation, President Lyndon B. Johnson passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. It criminalize discrimination on the basis of race, national origin, and sex in the areas of employment, public facilities, and government programs. The idea of equality in America, that every man is created equally was slowly and surly becoming more realistic, due largely to Martin Luther offices efforts. here(predicate) are Dr. faggots own words on the idea of Affirmative action from his 1963 book why cant we wait King statesAmong the many vital product lines to be done, the nation must not only radically readjust its attitude toward the Negro in the compelling present, but must incorporate in its planning some compensatory consideration for the handicaps he has inherited from the past. It is impossible to create a formula for the future which does not take into account that our society has been doing something special against the Negro for hundreds of years. How then can he be absorbed into the mainstream of American life if we do not do something special for him now, in order to balance the equation an d render him to compete on a just and equal basis? Martin Luther King J.R (Wise)In his 1967 book, Where Do We Go From Here Chaos or club? King argued A society that has done something special against the Negro for hundreds of years must now do something special for him, to equip him to compete on a just and equal basis.(wise) Continuingfor Two centuries the Negro was enslaved and robbed of any wages potential accrued wealth which would have been the legacy of his descendants. All of Americas wealth could not adequately compensate its Negroes for his centuries of victimisation and humiliation. It is an economic fact that a program such as I propose would certainly cost far less than any reckoning of two centuries of unpaid wages plus accumulated interest. In any case, I do not intend that this program of economic aid should apply only to the Negro it should benefit the disadvantaged of all races.- Martin Luther King J.R (Wise)It is clear that these are some of the reasons why Ma rtin Luther King J.R and others thought affirmative action should be and eventually was put into effect. A large part as to why affirmative action is in effect is so Compensation can be made to those who are at a disadvantage due to past racial biases and predjedism.You should now have a better idea as to what exactly affirmative action is, what its intentions are, the history behind who made it and the deeper history as to why it is still in effect and why it was originally put into effect. Affirmative action is however a major controversy in the United States, ever since its beginning, the concept of affirmative action raised difficult questions. umteen civil rights activists see affirmative action as a indispensable step in achieving equality for groups that had faced discrimination in the past. However, critics of affirmative action argued that individuals should be treated on their own merits without regard to color, national origin, or sex.(Affirmative Action)The Benefits of Affirmative Action The one benefit of affirmative action is to correct past discriminations such as the mistreatment of women and slavery. This remedial justification of affirmative action recognizes that wrongs have been committed in the past and acknowledges a honourable obligation to set things right (Affirmative Action Pros and Cons, The Origins Of, Legal Treatment Of, semipolitical and Social Debates, The Future, Pros and Cons section, para. 1).It is important for injustices to be redressed. Slavery and institutionalized racism have not been redressed yet in America and around the world. In order for justice to be served, it is necessary for the main losers of racism in America (African Americans) to be compensated for their loses through affirmative action. (Affirmative Action) And affirmative action does just that, not in the sense of giving physical money, but through opportunities in education and in life. The following are the benefits affirmative action providesAffirm ative action has provided many opportunities for students from diverse backgrounds and income levels who ordinarily would not be considered for admission to colleges and universities. This means that the pool of talent coming out of the higher(prenominal) education system is larger and better able to contribute as productive members of the workforce. Affirmative action has had a profound effect on employment hiring and promoting practices. Historically, close to 90% of all jobs are filled without being advertised, with the majority of positions going to friends, relatives, or acquaintances of company employees.(Wise) This is often the case with a lot of jobs. Unfortunately it can boil down to whom one knows not what they know. The result of this practice is that employers often end up with employees who are not the best person for the job if it were properly advertised.Affirmative action has support many companies to engage in employment practices that set minimum standards of job definition, recruiting, outreach, and evaluation that result in choosing the right person for the job. Finding the right person for the job or the promotion is critical in allow business efficiently utilize the workforce and allow each person to reach his or her full potential.Diversity in itself is enviable, it has been since the birth of this country, but it wont always occur if left wing to chance. But when affirmative action is working like its initial purpose was intended too miraculous things can happen, and there are good facts to back that up. mingled with 1981 and 2001, the total number of degrees awarded to Native Americans rose by 151.9% because of affirmative action policies. (Patterns) Also, from 1982 to 1995, there has been an increase in the share of black managers from 5 to 7 percent. Hispanics have shown a 3 percent increase from 5 percent in 1982.(Patterns) Affirmative Action has been successful in providing minorities with opportunities.At the same time a rec ent study has shown a person with a white sounding name has a 50% more budge of getting a call back from a interview than those with black sounding name even when qualifications are indistinguishable. (Tim Wise) Again equality is desirable but it wont always occur if left to chance.Eliminating affirmative action can lead to the re-segregation of higher education. When affirmative action was proscribe at the University of Texas in 1995, the number of black students at the UT jurisprudence School dropped from 65 in 1996 to 11 in 1997 and Latino student enrollments have been cut in half since the decision. (Patterns) this isnt necessarily a pro, but interesting enough. With affirmative action being banned in Texas the number of white students also dramatically increased while the number of Asians skyrocketed. I guess the best-qualified applicants where accepted.Here is a statistics that shows why affirmative action is still needed. For every dollar earned by men, women earn 74 cents , African American women earn 63 cents and Latina women earn 57 cents. (Patterns) This unjust statistics will continue with out the help of something like affirmative action. It is the cosmos inequalities like this that suggest maybe affirmative action should be left alone till equality is fully reached or a better solution is thought of.

Dimensional Fund Advisors Essay

This fortune uses DFA as a setting to let on you to the latest research in academic finance, as well as to show you how you can turn impertinently findings into productive investment strategies. This facial expression pays particular attention to the cornerstones of the DFA approach shot the size effect and the foster-growth effect. To this end, the case presents lucubrate information on recent research in capital markets (particularly the decline market), as well as on DFAs history and operations. The case also explores the effect of recent research innovations on the loaded, and considers DFAs new (as of 2002) product tax-managed passive funds. Start by reading carefully the exercise Study HBS 9-203-026, Dimensional Fund Advisors. Next, prepare a comprehensive delineate on this case, covering the questions suggested below, as well as other issues that you faculty find pertinent.1. What is DFAs business strategy? What do you think of the dissipated? Are the DFA people r eally believers in efficient markets? How does DFA add value for investors? What are the pros and cons of the passive approach?2. What are the Fama-French findings? Do they make good sense? Should we count small stocks to outperform large stocks in the future? And, should we expect value stocks to outperform growth stocks? What did Fama and French discover about the CAPM and beta? How do you reconcile the empirical findings with the CAPM theory?3. Discuss DFAs commerce strategy. How does it work, and what are the costs and benefits? Can DFA keep the competitive advantage in the future? Why dont competitors emulate DFAs approach? 4. What are DFAs products? How does DFAs new tax-managed strategies work? Is the tax-managed fund family liable(predicate) to be successful on a broad scale, or is it only if for a small niche market? What is the expected gain from DFAs tax management strategy, and what is the increase in volatility that results from it?5. What should be the firms strategy going forward? Does the company need to turn its basic strategy if it wants to grow assets and/or profits?Enjoy the group work

Making Sustainable Large-Scale Change Possible: The Ontario Experience Essay

Whoever verbalize that the only constant thing in the world is change is indeed a sage. That person could have acknowledged the statement based on personal acquaintances. Everything in the world changes from time to time- persons, g overnment and even the climate. Changes argon staple events in the world.            Changes often come as surprises. On organizational level, change could come as a way of intervention which may bring forth negative or positively charged consequences. The world immediately is filled with movements of people clamouring for change. The daily raws in the goggle box flash with headlines on citizens calling on their establishments for reform students protesting on the streets to fill democracy environmentalists and animal-rights advocates asking for ban on chemicals and so on. Practically, people fade for change in their personal lives, work, laws, and in the government.      &nbs p     The education sector in some countries goes for change, too. In Ontario, Canada an overhaul in the macrocosm education dodge took place to address the problems plaguing the schema.  Levin (2007) summarized the change as a strategy which serves as an ens group Ale of large-scale change in education that is respectful of educators, moderately to students and communities and based on the best available knowledge (p. 323).            The education strategy in Ontario, Canada suffered from setbacks since early 1990s due to government measures obligate (Levin, 2007).  at that place were reductions in staffing levels and increased in teachers workloads. Consequently, these yielded labour strikes, dissatisfaction and low-morale among the teachers.Levin report that during the late 1990s, a change in the government system took place which adversely affect the education system. Local nurture districts were redu ced to half, school principals were taken by of the teachers union and signifi bumt amount of funding was cut. Teachers took the brunt of these changes as the government and accordingly was deemed as critical of world teachers and schools.  Levin cited that the people were unhappy and dissatisfied with the public education system.            Canadas 2003 election changed the educational atmosphere as it became the rallying cry of the Liberal Party, which won the election. Levin pointed out that the new government crafted new strategies (dubbed as the Literacy and Numeracy system and the Student Success Strategy) in late 2003 to realize the problem of public education.  These have two main goals to improve basal school literacy and numeracy outcomes and increase high school graduation rates.            Now on its almost fifth year of implementation, the strategies proved effective. The Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat of the of Ontarios Ministry of educational activity reported the following accomplishments through its 2006 Project Report, Making It Happen   improve overall tyke rate of 64% for reading, writing and mathematics in Grade about 17,000 schools improved by five or more than percent in their Grade 6 reading scores over 2000 schools got best reading scores among Grade 3 students while 900 schools did better on both the Grades 3 and 6 reading scores.            Moreover, Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat reported in 2007 that the number of schools with very low performance dropped by three-fourths. first rates rose by fiver percent, from 68% to 73% in school year 2005-2006. Levin wrote that on that point have been an obvious level of vigour and enthusiasm and the number of teachers leaving the work or opting for early retreat was reduced.Insight from Basic System Approach on the Ontario Case&n bsp           The Ontario exist is maven example of how a system works. From the previous(prenominal) lesson, Owens (2004) explained the interrelatedness of subsystems and the septuple causations. The problems of education in Ontario in the 1990s directly hit the teachers. These problems caused unspoilt effects on the quality of education.In turn, the students were affected as they struggled with difficulties on subject beas such as reading and mathematics. Since Ontario is a highly-diversified province, students who ar children of immigrants were in any case knocked down by the problems within the system.  One back end see, as Owens emphasized, that the quintuple causation of problems and solutions directly affect the integral system. My personal analysis is as a system, the problem of one minute part ripples through the whole system, contributing to its downfall once left unguarded.        &nbs p   The Ontario problem back then was caused by a change in the political leadership and system. Decisions imposed upon the teachers from the authorities led to supremacyive breakdowns in the public educational system. Ultimately, Levin tell that most p arents lost their confidence in public education and resorted to one-on-one enrolment.            Reading through Levins article, I could say that the principles behind the go along success of the Ontario public education system are consistent with our lessons and previous reading. Ontario is a success story a model which is worth emulating.            Nevertheless, one may wonder is the Ontario experience transferable? Can it be duplicated to other provinces within Canada and to other countries as well?            I should say that the Ontario experience is unique for every agency is diff erent from the rest. Many factors contribute to its situation such as the political, economic, cultural, and social atmospheres.            But, despite of the given unique conditions, the strategies can be also applied to smaller systems on a case-to-case basis. Strategy such as reducing classroom size and student mentoring are very pragmatic. Likewise, the principles of participation, computer address and evaluation are quite universal which for me, makes the Ontario bulge out can be reproduced or duplicated to other schools provided that the socio-political and the cultural aspects are integrated. I believe good practices are worth following and essential be contextualized to ensure its effectiveness. It must also be sustained.Lessons Learned from the Ontario Experience            The Ontario example is a case which highlights the necessity of change. It demonstrates the power of change to generate positive results which impact the whole system.  There are significant lessons which we can charge from the article. Personally, I gained from reading Levins work.            The first lesson that struck me is the complexity of the educational system. Education is really indispensable to a country that it takes a government policy to influence the whole system. A governments conclusion or ruling on the educational system either take a crap or ruin a country. Countries count on their education department for productive, patriotic and loving citizens good citizens are profitable to a country. I also realized that a government initiative is very coercive as it demands implementation and obedience from its constituents as compared with a grass-root level or city-level proposals. Political influence and leadership make the implementation of projects or syllabuss more smoothly.             I also appreciate the consultation aspect of the Ontario project. I knowing that consultation has benefits. Consultation is a venue where the voices of the concerned parties are heard. By this, there is representation. The suggestions of the parents and teachers are heard. As I ponder through the case, it came to me that consultation is one factor which makes a school system successful.  After all, parents and students are the clients of a school. Their voices must also be tapped for the proper implementation of school projects. Consulting the parents on their childrens concerns and inquiring them on issues are part of our profession as teachers or educators.            Another particular lesson is the relevance of partnership. Levin discussed that the Ministry of Education hammer partnerships with different local school boards for the implementation of the two strategies. The educational system has many stakeholders and they m ust be acknowledged and won over.  Through partnership, relationships are formed, allowing for a better working environment.            The reading taught me also that test and answerableness matters. Like what the Ontario example demonstrated, tests are very important to measure the success of educational policy. Tests also work as gauges which measure the success of students. I was impressed by the fact the Ontarios Ministry of Education directed its provincial and district offices to report on the public the progress indicators of the students.            There is no such thing as a complete or entire program, as what I have reflected from the article. The Ontario experience is not without flaws. Levin wrote that the teachers feel overwhelmed by the tasks. There are challenges for every change or new programs to be implemented. There are always detractors and encouragers within a system. A program can be accepted or scorned. Either way, it is an inescapable reality.            In relation to change, it does not happen in an instant. It is not an overnight function. A change in the system may mean years of implementation. condemnation can only aid and sharpen its implementation.            Lastly, to recognize the skills and the capabilities of the teachers is one winsome factor in education. The Ontario problem commenced because of the governments bias against the public school teachers (Levin, 2007).  Teachers are major stakeholders in the educational system thus, theres a need for acknowledgment and incentives. Teachers are important assets therefore, they must be treated as invaluable human resource to the system. stopping point            The strategies adopted by the Ontario Ministry of Education proved to be successful. Sus tainable, large-scale projects can be a tough challenge but if all the systems are in agreement to it and proper delegation of work is done, it can drop dead a pleasurable job and a welcomed change. Ontario has set an example my opinion follows impossible ideas can be realized if the stakeholders within the system are united.BibliographyLevin, B. (2007). Sustainable large-scale renewal. Journal of Educational Change, 8, 323-336.Owens, R. G. (2004). Organizational behavior in education Adaptive leadership and School Reform. Boston MA Allyn & Pearson, p. 19-21.Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat. (2007). Making it happen. Toronto Ontario Ministry of Education. Retrieved April 11, 2008, from http//www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/literacynumeracy/makeithappen.pdf. p. 14

His Girl Friday: An Analysis Essay

The 1940 fill His Girl Friday is often described as wiz of the best screwb each comedies ever made. Howard Hawks has succeeded in making this pictorial matter a classic the characterization always being referenced as mavin of the best in its genre. Though this success, of course, was made possible by the teamwork of all the people who participated in the film, mostly, it was Hawks auteur vision that guaranteed the films triumph. His Girl Friday is in truth a remake of Lewis Milestones The Front Page (1931).Hawks case-hardened the original film differently by making a sexual urge swap of one of the main characters in the film. The character Hildegard Johnson (played by Rosalind Russell) is in reality a male lead reporter in the first movie Hawks revamped the entire story by making the character in the number film a woman, adding a love angle to the films plot. Hawks auteur vision made it possible to twist the entire film, adding flavor to its biography form.Hawks decision to make a gender swap in the film was one of the formulas that led to its critical success. After seeing His Girl Friday, it is close hard to imagine Hildy as a guy as he was one in the original movie, especially that the cast had done a good job in making their characters as realistic as possible. Not only that it added an entire new sub-plot to the film, the gender swap in like manner added spice in the sense that it ensured the advancement of actions in each scene. only perhaps the one thing most noticeable about the film is its speed the witty, overlapping and almost spontaneous exchange of dialogues between characters (Bordwell and Thompson 385). The fast plot that makes its audience gasping for air in each of its scenes, everything gearing up to meet its deadline, is perhaps the greatest thing in the movie. Technically, the plot is simple, and just Hawks managed to bring life out of its simplicity by bringing some(prenominal) energy into the film.

Log Mgmt

lumber worry in the Cloud A Comparison of In-Ho determination versus Cloud-Based caution of put down entropy A SANS Whitepapers October 2008 Written by Jerry Sheen Sponsored by merry Logic Basic Practices Questions for the Cloud supplier Considerations for In-Ho implement Log Management administrator Summary In the 2008 SANS Log Management Survey, 20 percent of respondents who were well- returnd with their lumber guidance systems spent more than than sensation week separately(prenominal) month on record outline. Most of those companies were in the Global 2000.The rest small- and medium-sized businesses (SMB) and government memorial tablets spent twine a half-day to five days per month on enter analysis. The discern similarly showed that, beca physical exercise of difficulties in put inup and integration, around organizations relieve oneself only achieved partial automation of their record sort and reportage processes. These difficulties read organiza tions, particularly SMB, wondering if they should turn over lumber throw off sexment to an in- blur providerone that provides their recordarithm take awayment softw be and record entropy storage over the net income.In January, 2008, Stephen Northup, president of the SANS Techno lumberarithmy Institute, wrote that there are pitfalls with place log concern in-the-swarm. On the plus side, he adds, you result some certainly save currency. In addition, real experts on log analysis are hard to find 1 Recently, vendors began mutilateering log management in-the- debauch (otherwise known as Software as a Service or AAAS), as a way to modify log management because the provider do- nonhing dedicate the material resources and retain the talented, focused somebodynel to do a emend Job for less money.This particularly makes sense non only for SMB without the dedicated manpower, hardly withal for enterprises whose IT resources are stretched trying to manage multiple distr ibuted Lana. While IT managers agree that log management is difficult, they are mistrustful about handing over their log entropy to a third political party application provider because the info might not be acquirable when they indispensability it, not to mention the smooth nature of some of the entropy that shows up in log files.Before positioning or overhauling log management systems, organizations need to weigh the benefits and drawbacks of separately model in con school text of their business requirements. To simplify the process, this paper presents some questions to admit when vetting those business needs against each (and in m either cases, two) of these log management models. Www. Sans. Du/resources/leadership/log_logic_interview. PH Log Management in the Cloud Basic Practices When looking at both models of log management (internally or in the smirch), begin with the end in head teacher by clearly laying out the reasons you want to collect log information.Th e following are some pre-selection tenets to clasp in mind when get hold ofing both models of log management Identify Your Goals One of the keys to any successful objectify deployment is identifying the goals before starting. Log management needs are different for each business unit staking a claim in the process. The IT group whitethorn be kindle in the value of log data for puzzle solution the certificate team may be interested in information management or fact management tied into an boilers suit SEEM and the audit and compliance group is roughly likely interested in look at in what spate are doing in regard to nociceptive data.Other possible uses for log data include marketing, forensics and HER accounting. As they identify goals, companies would do well to go through the broader advantages of log management and analysis, and look for systems or religious supporter that will allow a migration toward a more complete use of log data in the future. Of importance to all groups is the type of reporting supplied by the divine service or system. Log management systems often fill reporting that is geared toward compliance for PC, SOX, HAIFA and other similar standards.Apart from required reports, log management great deal generate reports that are helpful for system nutriment, warranter management and many other purposes. Whether log management is handled in-house or in the cloud, reporting and correlation features should be well to use and able to bear on current and future business goals. Locate Resources Critical to the success of any log management initiative is finding the staff needed to implement, manage and maintain the system. This is particularly difficult for SMB and government agencies that fag endt afford top horse for IT talent.Yet, according to a Gardner paper in May of 20082, compliance pokers are pushing organizations with smaller security staffs to acquire log management systems. In these cases, in-cloud services make sense. Larger organizations with dedicated security staffs and advanced log management processes, on the other hand, are more likely to musical accompaniment log management functions in-house. But even those organizations might use log management services for branches, or as a part of their hulky security or network management operations. 2 GO 56945, rank Nicole and Kelly Savannas.SANS Analyst Program Try Before You Buy The computer industry is fraught with solutions that dont work nearly as well as they purport. So, interrogatory and run use is critical to reconcile whether the system or service suits your needs. Put the search interface through its paces to rise for functionality and accuracy. Start tally with a few devices sending log data, but similarly set up as many devices as you are allowed to test during the trial period. Some log management systems work very well for a small beat of data but as the data provisions test larger, the accomplishment goes down str aightawaylyand the systems or services can miss events.A genuine way to test the system or service is to send some suspicious data to a device that is world monitored. Then go look for that particular data to make current its all there in the logs. One way to do this is to use the Kiwi Slog Message Generators to send messages to the tar live on, for example by using an option in the program to send a simple text message followed by a heel. This makes it simple to think if any of the test messages have been picked up by the log management system or service and reported upon as required.If there is a security function to the monitoring service (there usually is), try accessing your server and see how the provider responds. The specifics of how you would do this test will vary with your goals, but put down in as a drug user and intentionally mistyping the word of honor large time to lock the account should get a retort from the log service or system. I have actively use d this testing approach on some stratagems that collected security information and never got a response. If you choose to do this kind of testing, start slowly to get an idea of where the response threshold is.In addition to testing for nationality and security, pay watchfulness to the user interface. In close cases, this will be a weather vane-based face up end. Go through all the options and make current they work. Also, make sure that responses to the GUI are intuitive. If you have a report that you need regularly, you should be able to get that report reasonably easily, even have it e- mailed to a specified account. Custom reports and surplusized reports may be more mingled to receive as a test, but the prefatory hightail it of the system should make sense.Finally, make sure that the people who will use the service test the interface before decisions are finalized. Www. Sociology. Com/kiwi-slogged-overview Questions for the Cloud Provider Selecting a log management sof tware service provider is more like cementing a partnership than making a purchase. The service provider will have copies of critical log dataat times they may have the only copies of that data. The table below offers a quick snapshot of what to pout in a Service direct symmetricalness with a log management cloud service provider.Following that are questions to consider before taking the plunge. AAAS availability No more than 2 proceedings of downtime a day and no more than 5 transactions per week. seasonableness of log data showing up in system person logged events must be available to a search from the customer access within 90 befriends of the event. Timeliness of log data analysis restrictive compliance Alerts must be delivered to the client within 30 minutes of a critical event. The AAAS provider must maintain compliance to ever-changing regulations within 30 days of notification of change.New attack vectors should be confine to the bear upon system within 24 hour s of a parvenu attack being identified. The processing system must be upgraded to support changes and modifications to warn from support systems when systems are available for mineral release. Prompt upgrades to support new attack vectors Prompt upgrades to support upgrades to hardware and software 4 When considering cloud-based log management applications, organizations should ask the following questions (most of which can to a fault be use to in-house log management systems) Is It Safe?Many IT managers are concerned with the prophylactic of their log data, and rightly so Log data can be dangerous if it falls into the wrong hands. Attackers can get valuable information from reading the logs. For example, they can see if their attacks work, been known to show up in logs). Log data as crude as Web or e-mail handicraft often contains mystical information. Having control of logs can be useful to aggressors who, in some cases, will try to clean the log data to remove any traces of their activity. Therefore, its important to look at the gum elastic of log datawhether its stored on- or off-site.If the log data is stored local anestheticly, its often unploughed on each individual computer producing the data. Larger organizations will have log servers that will store the log data in a centralized attached storage device. Those systems are, in an ideal situation, secured and difficult to break through into. In the cloud model, this data storage would be handed off to the cloud provider, which relieves the organization of the hardware, security and HER burdens involved with keeping storage in-house. However, as they lose control of that data, organizations must rely on the cloud service to handle their data securely.The issue of whether a service organization is qualified is difficult to determine, and is ultimately based on reputation. Cloud providers must pretend a trust model as they manage collected log data securely and separately in a multi-tenant enviro nment. This creates the need for superfluous layers of security to operate multiple tenants from one another on a shared server, while also protecting the data stores from attackers. Firewalls, encryption and data loss prevention are all areas of security that apply to sensitive log data stored in the clouda cloud thats more and more brutalized.Fertilization, in itself, is not necessarily a negative, as long as proper security procedures are followed within the virtual cloud. The alike(p) characteristics of medical dressing that make it a concern as a hacking agent also provide a hiding technology that has the potential to make user accounts harder for attackers o access. Already security vendors are developing virtual technologies so that their anti-mallard products cant be detected and overruled by todays kernel boot- level rootlets. 5 How Is It Transported? charter the cloud provider for specifics about how the data gets transmitted from your systems to their operations cente r. Is the data encrypted in transit? What type and strength of encryption is used? Is the encryption proprietary? Be wary of providers that claim their encryption information is confidential or proprietary instead, look for providers that use proven technologies such as SSL or AES. There are numerous examples of companies that have invested vast amounts of money in creating their own encryption technologies only to find out afterwards release that they missed a critical component.How Are Keys Stored? It would be easier for a log management vendor to use the same encryption secrets client, that attacker can access the accounts of all clients. A different key for each customer account would not only offer better auspices against customers accessing one anothers accounts, but also against an attacker cracking a password and getting the keys to the entire kingdom. Logical separation of key storage is also important for the same reasons. How Often Is The Data Transmitted? Most log mana gement systems send data in batch mode.The collection appliance typically waits for either a specified time or amount of data before contagion. In general, a quicker frequency is better because the data is getting processed faster. More frequent transmission minimizes traffic bursts and gives an attacker less time to interrupt or block the transmission of qui vives, a technique attackers use in an attempt to avoid detection. What Is The Level Of Compression and Bandwidth Utilization? Bandwidth utilization is a question that youll want to keep an eye on as you test your log management service.It is common to get 90 percent compression or better on ASCII (plain text) logs, while binary log compression ratios may be less. If your Internet connection is currently heavily utilized, the log traffic may check other traffic, and youll want to plan for this issue ahead of time. One way to monitor the bandwidth is to capture traffic statistics using Net Flows. If you arent monitoring your o verall Internet traffic utilization, its best to get a handle on that prior to implementing a log management service and use this number as a baseline. What Backup and Redundancy Is Included ? If a cloud provider claims to be set up to handle this type of data correctly, verify that it is, in fact, doing a better Job than you would. The provider should have data stored at multiple locations and secure backups for redundancy. Check, too, with the company that is actually doing storage. In the cloud model, storage could be handed off to another vendor. aim questions about how stored data is encrypted, how it is transferred, where the tapes or other media are stored, and if there is a process for racking tapes.Find out how long backup data is bear, how its destroyed, and what happens to the data if the service is terminated. It will probably be impossible to verify most of this, but the cloud provider should be able to answer questions and provide benchmarks, customer references, se rvice agreements and other documentation. What Are The Responding Options? transcription. These built-in reports typically cover things like restrictive compliance and common performance and security metrics. see to it that the reports your organization needs are included as overbuilt reports, or that theyre easy enough to customize.Often, reporting is not as straightforward as people would like it to be. Sometimes, the logging application wont provide the required information directly, but it may be available indirectly. For example, a security manager may want to identify invalid session IDs on a Web site because a high frequency of invalid session IDs may point to an attacker trying to guess a session ID and knockoff or hijack the session. If the log manager doesnt report that information directly, it may be possible to get similar information by tracking the number of connections built from any given IP address. How Much Of The Data Is Actively Searchable?In some cases, the most recent data will be more quickly accessible for searching than data that has been take away from an active state. Moving data out of an active part of the database can make databases faster, so some data may be move into an area that provides slower access. Ask if there are any special requirements to access archived data or whether the only issue is a performance penaltyand request a demonstration. 7 How Much Of The Data Is Stored? If data is moved out of primary storage, is the full log data retained or will recovery of data be limited to searchable data fields and metadata?If some detail is eliminated, determine whether this will cause problems with regulatory compliance, forensics processes and other log management and reporting needs required crossways your organization. If there are processes that automatically eliminate some data, can those processes be suspended for special circumstances, such as litigation requiring the preservation of data? How long does it take to make such changes? What Log Data pull up stakes Be Accepted? What specific devices, operating systems and applications are supported?several(prenominal) operating systems and hundreds of widely used appliances and devices are critical o todays diverse organizational IT infrastructures. The number of applications a log manager may be called upon to understand is staggering. Prioritize on all your critical devices and applications. How are they supported by the service provider, and how thorough is that support? How Are Its Instructions For setting Up Devices? Log management can become more complicated as the number of log-producing for setting up devices, operating systems and applications that need to be monitored.Often, a company will need to deviate from the normal setup procedure, based on the peculiarities of its business that complicate the log data disembodied spirit cycle. As a result, setup instructions should be termed as guidelines, not hard and fast rules. Rules oft en must be massaged to work with the variable operating systems and applications (including their versions) that an organization needs coverage for. 8 How Are Alerts placed? If the cloud provider is offering to send alerts for events of interest, find out how they determine what is of interest and compare that to what is of interest to your organization.Are they looking solely at security events or do they include more routine support and maintenance events? If the events of interest include both types f events, how do they distinguish between the two? How much involvement does the log management client have in setting up what alerts are of interest to them? If a drive runs out of space, for example, that can often be Just as big a problem as an attacker compromising a system. Ask, also, if they can correlate related events to give the analysis situational awareness. For example, an administrator logging into a domain controller at 10 a. . And creating a user is quite an differen t from the DNS process starting a command shell and creating a user in the middle of the night. In both cases, a user is being created. In the first instance, the process seems normal but in the second instance this combination of events could be associated with the RPC DNS exploit as show in an April, 2007, SANS Webmaster. Cloud (and in- house systems) should, therefore, include situational awareness to understand when creating a user is a normal event and when, as in the second example, it is not normal.In addition to alter monitoring and alerts, it would be ideal if cloud providers could offer human review of logs as an add-on fee for service. kind-hearted review is required under some regulations, and is a good basic best practice for organizations to follow because automated systems dont catch everything. How Quickly Does touch on Occur? Timing is an important issue with log management that the cloud model is well- suited to address. One typical problem with in-house log man agement is that events are often found after a problem is noticed.It is, of course, best to detect log events leading up to a critical event in order to avoid the critical event. The question about processing speed encompasses a number of different issues Once an event has been logged at the local device, how long does it take for that event to show up in the yester? If that event should trigger an alert, how long will it be before the alert is relayed to the client IT department? Is there an option for the vendor to do more than April 24, 2007 Webmaster www. Sans. Org/websites/show. PH? Beastie=90861 9 How Often Are The Alerts Updated? Operating systems and network devices are constantly coming under new and different attacks requiring new responses. The errors from these devices also change with some upgrades, so it is important for the Log Management provider to conduct regular and timely updates to its system, and respond reasonably when errors occur. How Are System Upgrades Ha ndled? In the cloud, upgrades to the log management systems are handled by the provider, thereby relieving the organization from having to maintain these systems in-house.There is a risk, however, that the upgrades may cause outages in coverage by accidentally introducing new compatibility or protocol problems. It would be a good to ask the cloud provider about how upgrades are handled and how clients are saved during the upgrades. By the same token, how would updates to any internal system log-generating devices affect the cloud providers coverage? 10 Considerations for In-House Log Management Many of the same questions that apply to companies offering log management service in the cloud also apply to internally-managed log management systems.The 2008 SANS Annual Log Management survey indicates it is still incredibly difficult to automate log management systems to the pointedness organizations need. A recent article by Patrick Mueller in Information calendar week refers to log ma nagement as a monster. Just because its difficult doesnt dream up log management needs to be outsourced. When weighing in-house log management, consider the following factors Could A Personal Change Ruin Your Log Management Process? Log management is often the pet project of one person while the rest of the IT staff tries not to get involved.If that person leaves the company, it can be difficult for initiatives. Will Your Staff Monitor The Logs on a regular basis And Maintain Updates? Log management services have requirements built into their contracts for response time and full-time monitoring. Can your staff live up to those same expectations? One of the issues for log management companies is keeping up with updates to applications, operating systems and regulatory issues. Is your staff able to keep up with the changes? As an example, how did your staff do when Windows Server 2008 changed all its event Ids?At the time, most administrators used a collection of scripts however, al l those scripts, which were working, suddenly became broken. Floggers lashed out about it. For a log administrator who finally has everything working, that sort of a situation can be a demoralizing surprise. Maintaining updates and monitoring logs is complicated by the fact that most companies support a diversity of logging devices. To properly support local log management, an IT group will need to work with different vendors ho use different types of log data.At times, it may be necessary to bring in consultants to assist with tracking down specific issues. Organizations need to consider the associated costs and frustrations of working with multiple vendors and integrators along with the costs of the initial deployment and current internal staffing requirements. 56 www. Informational. Com/story/charities. Jhtml? Articled=208400730 www. ultimate windows security. Com/wick/WindowsServer2008VistaSecurityLog. stays 11 Roll Your Own Or Buy An Appliance? A big debate in the log managem ent arena is how to deploy log management tools.According to the SANS Log Management survey, the majority of organizations (38 percent) are create home grown solutions through the use of slog servers, custom scripts and applications. The stay respondents used a combination of commercial software and appliance-based tools or check up on other. In either case, organizations are not happy with their level of automated correlation or system coverage, according to the survey. Coverage, automation, correlation and access must all be addressed, maintained and improved upon as needs dictate, careless(predicate) of which option is chosen.